Glutamine Enhances Immunoregulation of Tumor Growth

Fahr, Michael J.; Kornbluth, Jacki; Blossom, Sarah J.; Schaeffer, R.; Kumberg, V. Suzanne

doi:10.1177/0148607194018006471

Cited by 81 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…There is a small but intriguing literature demonstrating that increased oral intakes of glutamine, administered at 1 g/kg/d in most studies, markedly slow the growth (by about 40%) of a range of transplanted tumors-a sarcoma, the MTF-7 breast cancer, and Morris hepatoma 7777-in rats while also suppressing the induction of breast cancer with DMBA; the effect on DMBA carcinogenesis was exerted at the promotional stage. [94][95][96][97] These benefits were associated with a marked increase in NK cytotoxicity; it was suspected that this was at least partially responsible for the observed tumor retardation. NK cells, like other lymphocytes, make prominent use of glutamine as an energy substrate and precursor for nucleotides, but whether this explains the observed marked impact on NK cytotoxicity is unclear.…”

Section: Boosting Immune Defenses: Focus On Natural Killer Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Core Nutraceutical Program for Cancer Management

McCarty

Block

2006

Integr Cancer Ther

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As previously suggested, it may be feasible to impede tumorevoked angiogenesis with a nutraceutical program composed of glycine, fish oil, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, selenium, and silymarin, complemented by a low-fat vegan diet, exercise training, and, if feasible, a salicylate and the drug tetrathiomolybdate. It is now proposed that the scope of this program be expanded to address additional common needs of cancer patients: blocking the process of metastasis; boosting the cytotoxic capacity of innate immune defenses (natural killer [NK] cells); preventing cachexia, thromboembolism, and tumor-induced osteolysis; and maintaining optimal micronutrient status. Modified citrus pectin, a galectin-3 antagonist, has impressive antimetastatic potential. Mushroom β-glucans and probiotic lactobacilli can amplify NK activity via stimulatory effects on macrophages. Selenium, β-carotene, and glutamine can also increase the number and/or cytotoxic activity of NK cells. Cachectic loss of muscle mass can be opposed by fish oil, glutamine, and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate. Fish oil, policosanol, and vitamin D may have potential for control of osteolysis. High-dose aspirin or salicylates, by preventing NF-κB activation, can be expected to aid prevention of metastasis and cachexia while down-regulating osteolysis, but their impacts on innate immune defenses will not be entirely favorable. A nutritional insurance formula crafted for the special needs of cancer patients can be included in this regimen. To minimize patient inconvenience, this complex core nutraceutical program could be configured as an oil product, a powder, and a capsule product, with the nutritional insurance formula provided in tablets. It would be of interest to test this program in nude mouse xenograft models.

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Section: Boosting Immune Defenses: Focus On Natural Killer Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Core Nutraceutical Program for Cancer Management

McCarty

Block

2006

Integr Cancer Ther

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“…Consideráveis esforços são realizados na identificação de substâncias capazes de melhorar a resposta imune, com os chamados imunonutrientes 3,4 . A imunonutrição constitui um novo campo de investigação em nutrição 4 .…”

Section: N T R O D U ç ã Ounclassified

Efeito da L-Glutamina sobre o perfil leucocitário e a função fagocítica de macrófagos de ratos estressados

et al. 2006

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ObjetivoVerificar o efeito da administração intraperitoneal de glutamina, prévia a uma situação de estresse, sobre o número de leucócitos do sangue e sobre a taxa de fagocitose de macrófagos alveolares de ratos. MétodosRatos machos Wistar aos 90 dias de idade foram divididos em controle (C, n=15), estresse (C+E, n=16), glutamina (GLN, n=15) e glutamina e estresse (GLN+E, n=15) e mantidos em condições padronizadas. Os grupos GLN e GLN+E receberam, via intraperitoneal (v ip), L-glutamina (0,2g/kg de peso corporal) durante 10 dias. Seus pares receberam, v ip, L-glicina (0,4g/kg do peso corporal). Os animais C+E e GLN+E foram submetidos ao estresse agudo de contenção (40min, após 24h da última intervenção com o aminoácido). Leucócitos totais foram contados em hemocitômetro e os diferenciais por esfregaço sanguíneo. Para avaliação da taxa de fagocitose, os macrófagos alveolares (1x10 6 em meio de cultura RPMI) e fungos S. cerevisiae (1x10 7 ) foram incubados em estufa (37ºC, 5%CO 2 ) durante 1 hora. Foram utilizados os testes estatísticos análise de variância (ANOVA) e o teste de Tukey, valores expressos em média do percentual e desvio-padrão.

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“…In rats with solid tumors Austgen et al [4] did not demonstrate an increase in tumor size or DNA content, but the ratio of tumor cells to host infiltrating cells appeared to be increased. Fahr et al [8] found that tumor growth was decreased after Gln supplementation, owing to the dominant enhancement of natural killer cell activity. Gln even seems to enhance the selectivity of antitumor chemotherapy, in particular of methotrexate [19], or provide protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of glutamine and glycyl-glutamine on in vitro lymphocyte proliferation in children with solid tumors

Köhler

Klowik

Brand

et al. 2000

Support Care Cancer

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It is reported that the proliferative response of lymphocytes is lowered in patients with solid tumors. Glutamine is a major nutrient for rapidly proliferating cells. Unlike glutamine itself, the dipeptide glycyl-glutamine as a source for glutamine is stable in aqueous solutions ex vivo. In order to evaluate the possible therapeutic role of glutamine in lymphocyte proliferation, we investigated its influence on lymphocytes of children with solid tumors before and after chemotherapy. Lymphocytes were collected from 21 children and adolescents suffering from solid tumors (before and after chemotherapy) and from healthy controls. Glutamine and glycyl-glutamine, respectively, were added to cell cultures at concentrations between zero and 1.0 mmol/l. ConA or SAC served as T- or B-cell mitogens, respectively. The lymphocyte proliferation in the healthy control group was similar in degree to lymphocyte proliferation seen in the patients with solid tumors, regardless of the mitogen used. No difference in the degree of lymphocyte proliferation before or after chemotherapy was seen with either source of glutamine. Specific subgroups of malignancies showed trends that differed from the overall findings, but these differences were not found to be statistically significant. Routine supplementation with glutamine in children with solid tumors to enhance lymphocyte function is not supported by the data gained from in vitro proliferation tests.

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Glutamine Enhances Immunoregulation of Tumor Growth

Abstract: These data indicate that oral Gln supplementation, through support of host Gln stores and glutathione production, may decrease tumor growth by enhancing NK cell activity.

Cited by 81 publications

References 25 publications

Toward a Core Nutraceutical Program for Cancer Management

Toward a Core Nutraceutical Program for Cancer Management

Efeito da L-Glutamina sobre o perfil leucocitário e a função fagocítica de macrófagos de ratos estressados

Influence of glutamine and glycyl-glutamine on in vitro lymphocyte proliferation in children with solid tumors

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