Glutathione metabolism and dimorphism in
            <i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i>

Jürgensen, Claudia Würtz; Jacobsen, Nicklas Raun; Emri, Tamás; Eriksen, Susanne Havn; Pócsi, István

doi:10.1002/1521-4028(200105)41:2<131::aid-jobm131>3.0.co;2-#

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Desiccation and irradiation increase the formation of reactive oxygen species in both fungi and algae, but the lichen symbiosis increases the efficiency of the protective mechanisms compared to isolated symbiotic partners (Kranner et al, 2005). These mechanisms involve the glutathione redox system, which is also known from black fungi (Jürgensen et al, 2001). In addition, small protective molecules that accumulate in black fungi as stress-responsive osmolytes could be involved in the transition from rock-inhabiting to the lichen life style.…”

Section: Incipient Symbiotic Associations and A Possible Link With Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyextremotolerant black fungi: oligotrophism, adaptive potential, and a link to lichen symbioses

Gostinčar¹,

Muggia²,

Grube³

2012

Front. Microbio.

103

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Black meristematic fungi can survive high doses of radiation and are resistant to desiccation. These adaptations help them to colonize harsh oligotrophic habitats, e.g., on the surface and subsurface of rocks. One of their most characteristic stress-resistance mechanisms is the accumulation of melanin in the cell walls. This, production of other protective molecules and a plastic morphology further contribute to ecological flexibility of black fungi. Increased growth rates of some species after exposure to ionizing radiation even suggest yet unknown mechanisms of energy production. Other unusual metabolic strategies may include harvesting UV or visible light or gaining energy by forming facultative lichen-like associations with algae or cyanobacteria. The latter is not entirely surprising, since certain black fungal lineages are phylogenetically related to clades of lichen-forming fungi. Similar to black fungi, lichen-forming fungi are adapted to growth on exposed surfaces with low availability of nutrients. They also efficiently use protective molecules to tolerate frequent periods of extreme stress. Traits shared by both groups of fungi may have been important in facilitating the evolution and radiation of lichen-symbioses.

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Section: Incipient Symbiotic Associations and A Possible Link With Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyextremotolerant black fungi: oligotrophism, adaptive potential, and a link to lichen symbioses

Gostinčar¹,

Muggia²,

Grube³

2012

Front. Microbio.

103

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“…Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) can cause irreversible damages to cellular components and thus are normally rapidly detoxified by antioxidant defence systems including enzymes, such as catalases, superoxide dismutase, small proteins (thioredoxin and glutaredoxin), and antioxidant molecules, such as the glutathione ( Cabiscol et al, 2000 ). These mechanisms involve the glutathione redox system, which is well known to be present also in black fungi ( Jürgensen et al, 2001 ). Under stress conditions, glutathione reduced (GSH) is utilised to scavenge the ROS directly by donating a reducing equivalent (H + + e – ) from its thiol group of cysteine to other unstable ROS ( Han et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Profile of the Fungus Cryomyces antarcticus Under Simulated Martian and Space Conditions as Support for Life-Detection Missions on Mars

et al. 2022

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The identification of traces of life beyond Earth (e.g., Mars, icy moons) is a challenging task because terrestrial chemical-based molecules may be destroyed by the harsh conditions experienced on extraterrestrial planetary surfaces. For this reason, studying the effects on biomolecules of extremophilic microorganisms through astrobiological ground-based space simulation experiments is significant to support the interpretation of the data that will be gained and collected during the ongoing and future space exploration missions. Here, the stability of the biomolecules of the cryptoendolithic black fungus Cryomyces antarcticus, grown on two Martian regolith analogues and on Antarctic sandstone, were analysed through a metabolomic approach, after its exposure to Science Verification Tests (SVTs) performed in the frame of the European Space Agency (ESA) Biology and Mars Experiment (BIOMEX) project. These tests are building a set of ground-based experiments performed before the space exposure aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The analysis aimed to investigate the effects of different mineral mixtures on fungal colonies and the stability of the biomolecules synthetised by the fungus under simulated Martian and space conditions. The identification of a specific group of molecules showing good stability after the treatments allow the creation of a molecular database that should support the analysis of future data sets that will be collected in the ongoing and next space exploration missions.

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“…It has been previously hypothesized that intracellular glutathione levels may function as a signaling molecule because redox imbalances, intracellular ROS accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activation can initiate the cell differentiation processes, such as germination, conidiation and dimorphic transition [67]. The first evidence came from studies showing that depletion of intracellular glutathione levels during yeast to hyphal transition was commonly observed in C. albicans and A. pullulans [68][69][70]. These results led to the hypothesis that intracellular levels of glutathione might signal morphological switching in these fungal species.…”

Section: Glutathione As Modulators Of Fungal Virulence and Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 69,70,[72][73][74] Aureobasidium pullulans (Contaminant fungus) Yeast-to-mycelia transition Intracellular glutathione levels were higher in yeast cells than in mycelia. [68] Histoplasma capsulatum (Pathogenic fungus) Yeast-to-mycelia transition Glutathione was highly abundant in the yeast form. [35] Coccidioides immitis (Pathogenic fungus) Yeast-to-mycelia transition Genes related to glutathione detoxification pathways were downregulated in yeast spherule form compared to mold form.…”

Section: Species Morphological Changes Role Of Glutathione Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Glutathione System in Stress Adaptation, Morphogenesis and Virulence of Pathogenic Fungi

Wangsanut

Pongpom

2022

IJMS

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Morphogenesis and stress adaptation are key attributes that allow fungal pathogens to thrive and infect human hosts. During infection, many fungal pathogens undergo morphological changes, and this ability is highly linked to virulence. Furthermore, pathogenic fungi have developed multiple antioxidant defenses to cope with the host-derived oxidative stress produced by phagocytes. Glutathione is a major antioxidant that can prevent cellular damage caused by various oxidative stressors. While the role of glutathione in stress detoxification is known, studies of the glutathione system in fungal morphological switching and virulence are lacking. This review explores the role of glutathione metabolism in fungal adaptation to stress, morphogenesis, and virulence. Our comprehensive analysis of the fungal glutathione metabolism reveals that the role of glutathione extends beyond stressful conditions. Collectively, glutathione and glutathione-related proteins are necessary for vitality, cellular development and pathogenesis.

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Glutathione metabolism and dimorphism in Aureobasidium pullulans

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Polyextremotolerant black fungi: oligotrophism, adaptive potential, and a link to lichen symbioses

Polyextremotolerant black fungi: oligotrophism, adaptive potential, and a link to lichen symbioses

Metabolomic Profile of the Fungus Cryomyces antarcticus Under Simulated Martian and Space Conditions as Support for Life-Detection Missions on Mars

The Role of the Glutathione System in Stress Adaptation, Morphogenesis and Virulence of Pathogenic Fungi

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