Glycemic index, carbohydrate and fiber intakes and risk of reflux esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Our findings suggest that fiber intake is inversely associated with Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma risk. Esophageal adenocarcinoma risk is inversely associated with total carbohydrate consumption but positively associated with high GI intakes.

Optimal dietary approaches for prevention of type 2 diabetes: a life-course perspective

“…Similar benefits are suggested for low-GI or GL diets [25,26] and more recently also for high vegetable protein diets [109]. In addition, evidence is emerging that Mediterranean-type diets and low-GI or GL diets also offer modest protection against some cancers [26,107,110]. Greater adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet is associated with a significant reduction in total mortality rates [111,112].…”

A Low Carbohydrate, High Protein Diet Slows Tumor Growth and Prevents Cancer Initiation

“…Also, our low CHO studies with human HCT-116 cells in Rag2M mice and low CHO studies with other human tumors (42) suggest that there are no inherent differences between human and mouse cancer cells in their response to BG levels. Consistent with the notion that reducing BG in humans can be beneficial, there is a wealth of epidemiologic evidence showing a clear association between BG and/or insulin levels (which are determined by BG levels) and the incidence of human cancers (43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49). Thus, although our studies were conducted, out of necessity, with mice, the fact that human BG can be significantly reduced with low CHO diets and the association of many cancers with high BG levels suggest that our findings are very likely relevant to human cancers as well, particularly in cancers that have been associated with higher baseline BG and/or insulin levels, such as pancreatic (43,44), breast (45), colorectal (46), endometrial (47,48), and esophageal cancers (49).…”

Adherence to WCRF/AICR lifestyle recommendations for cancer prevention and the risk of Barrett’s esophagus onset and evolution to esophageal adenocarcinoma: results from a pilot study in a high-risk population

“…There are also mechanistic data that support this hypothesis: Red meats feature many compounds that are known to induce DNA mutation such as heme iron, heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [34][35][36]. A direct correlation between refined cereals has been found to be associated with an increased risk of BE, EAC and cancer in general [37,38]. The link between the consumption of high glycemic index foods and cancer is likely to be due to their promoting effect on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which have a proven role in epithelial carcinogenesis [39].…”

“…Our results suggest also that an at least moderate consumption of unrefined cereals or pulses (and thus of dietary fibers) may have a protective effect on BE development. Dietary fibers may exert their protective influence on BE development by reducing gastroesophageal reflux and countering insulin resistance [37,[40][41][42][43]. A protective role for fiber consumption and a causative role for excessive consumption of refined cereals have been revealed by the study by Romaguera et al as well [16].…”