Glycerin and cashew and castor oils in the diets for bulls in finished in feed lot: ingestive behavior

Abstract

This study was carried out to evaluate partial replacing of corn (15% of total diet DM) and cashew and castor oils addition on ingestive behavior of Nellore bulls in feedlot. Thirty bulls of 24 ± 2 months old and 400 ± 34 kg body weight were used. The bulls were distributed in a completely randomized design (10 bulls per treatment) and housed in collective pens. The experimental diets were: Control -CON; Glycerine -GLY and Glycerine + Functional oils. The observation scales did not influence time spent eating, ruminating or resting, as well as, the total number of chewing; however the number of periods and the time period for such activities differed among the scales time. There was no difference for the number of observations turns and number of observations per turn for analyzed variables. Glycerine inclusion in the diets caused a decrease on ruminating time and an increase in resting time. The numbers for both eating and resting periods, and time per resting period differed among diets, however, the number for ruminating period, eating time and rumination period were similar among diets. Both glycerine and functional oils inclusion in the diets increased the number of ruminated bolus per day, number of chewed per day and total chewing time for cattle. Key words: Additives, biodiesel, co-product, ethology, plant extracts, ruminant ResumoEste estudo foi realizado para avaliar a substituição parcial do milho (15% da MS total da dieta) e adição de óleos de caju e mamona sobre o comportamento ingestivo de Nelore machos, confinados. Trinta bovinos de 24 ± 2 meses de idade e 400 ± 34 kg de peso corporal foram usados. Os animais foram distribuídos em um modelo estatístico inteiramente casualizado (10 animais por tratamento) e estabulados em baias coletivas. As dietas experimentais foram: Controle -CON; Glicerina -GLI e GOF -Glicerina + óleos funcionais. As escalas de observações não influenciaram o tempo de ingestão, ruminação e ócio, assim como o número total de mastigação; entretanto, o número de período e o tempo de período de cada atividade diferiram entre os tempos de escalas. Não houve diferença para os turnos

Effect of adding crude glycerine to diets with feed additives on the feed intake, ruminal degradability, volatile fatty acid concentrations and in vitro gas production of feedlot Nellore cattle

“…Despite the lack of significant difference in propionic acid concentrations, the combination crude glycerine with essential oil promoted an increase of 17% in this acid, fact that decreased the C2: C3 ratio in the rumen. Although there are also evidence that crude glycerine may have a detrimental effect on the growth of structural carbohydrate fermenting bacteria (AbuGhazaleh, Abo El‐Nor, & Ibrahim, ; Roger, Fonty, Andre, & Gouet, ), resulting in reduced fibre digestibility and CH 4 production (van Cleef et al, ; Homem Junior et al, ; Paschoaloto et al, ), crude glycerine does not impair the consumption, performance or carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle (van Cleef et al, ) and, when combined with essential oil, has shown even better results (Cruz et al, ; Prado et al, ; Silva et al, ; Valero, Prado, et al, ; Valero, Torrecilhas, et al, ).…”

“…Despite the lack of significant difference in propionic acid concentrations, the combination crude glycerine with essential oil promoted an increase of 17% in this acid, fact that decreased the C2: C3 ratio in the rumen. (Cruz et al, 2014;Prado et al, 2016;Silva et al, 2014;Valero, Torrecilhas, et al, 2014).…”

“…Functional properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites and antioxidant action have been reported for many essential oils (Busquet, Calsamiglia, Ferret, Cardozo, & Kamel, 2005;Busquet, Calsamiglia, Ferret, Carro, & Kamel, 2005;Duarte et al, 2007). An essential oil composed of a blend of cashew nut shell liquid and castor oil has shown positive results as a replacement for sodium monensin (Jesus et al, 2016) and, when combined with crude glycerine, has shown even better results, improving animal performance, feed efficiency, DM digestibility and meat quality of beef steers (Cruz et al, 2014;Prado et al, 2016;Silva et al, 2014;Valero, Torrecilhas, et al, 2014). We hypothesized that this combination could provide similar or better ruminal conditions when compared to the sodium monensin combined with crude glycerine, besides to promote reductions in CH 4 production.…”

O estado da arte da nutrição de ruminantes

“…Grande parte das pesquisas está relacionada ao ambiente ruminal e atualmente diversos estudos vêm sendo realizados no Brasil, principalmente com relação à utilização desses óleos em substituição à ionóforos , Silva et al, 2014, Valero et al, 2014a, Valero et al, 2014b, Zawadzki et al, 2015, Cruz et al, 2014 Na alimentação animal é importante conhecer profundamente qual produto está sendo empregado, além de seu princípio ativo, controle de qualidade e estabilidade. Sabe-se que o cardol e o ácido ricinoléico agem na parede das bactérias gram-positivas como ionóforos naturais e que misturas destes produtos tem atividade anticoccidiana (Oliveira et al, 2011), controlam o pH ruminal e melhoram a digestibilidade da fibra e possuem efeitos na características da carcaça (Torrent, 2014).…”

Functional oils affect blood and bacteriological parameters in sheep

“…Functional oils are defined as oils that have an action beyond their nutritional value (Murakami et al, 2014) and are not derived from essences or spices (Bess et al, 2012), but from oil plants such as castor seeds (Ricinus communis) and cashew nutshell (Anacardium occidentale; Silva et al, 2014).…”