Glycerol carbonylation with CO2 to form glycerol carbonate: A review of recent developments and challenges

Lukato, Simon; Kasozi, Gabriel N.; Tebandeke, Emmanuel

doi:10.1016/j.crgsc.2021.100199

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The choice of suitable combinations of catalyst and dehydration agent is crucial to achieving feasible yields in the synthesis of GC from glycerol and carbon dioxide. Usually, quiet harsh conditions are necessary with temperatures ranging from 120 • C to 180 • C and pressures varying from 30 bar to 150 bar [62]. Nevertheless, the current research shows that the glycerol conversion rate and GC yield of this route are not high, and the production cost is relatively high.…”

Section: Co 2 Direct Carbonylation Routementioning

confidence: 81%

An Overview of the Latest Advances in the Catalytic Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate

Procopio

Gioia

2022

Catalysts

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In recent years, the development of renewable energy alternatives to traditional fossil fuels has become one of the major challenges all over the world, due to the decline of fossil fuel reserves and their effect on global warming. Biodiesel has become a popular alternative energy source to reduce gas emissions compared to traditional fossil fuels. According to statistics, a nine-fold increase in global biofuel production between 2000 and 2020 was observed. However, its production generates a large amount of glycerol as a by-product, posing an environmental problem when disposed directly in landfills or by incineration. Therefore, low-value glycerol should be converted into high value-added derivatives. As glycerol carbonate is one of the most important derivatives of glycerol, this review aims to discuss the studies over the last ten years about glycerol carbonate synthetic methods, including the typical routes such as phosgene, esterification reaction, urea, oxidative and direct carbonylation as well as several rare synthetic procedures. At the same time, it summarizes the different catalytic reaction systems of each route comparing the advantages and disadvantages of various catalysts and evaluating their catalytic activity. Finally, the future development of glycerol carbonate synthesis is prospected from the point of view of development, technology research and industrialization.

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Section: Co 2 Direct Carbonylation Routementioning

confidence: 81%

An Overview of the Latest Advances in the Catalytic Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate

Procopio

Gioia

2022

Catalysts

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“…Different studies have been conducted on the catalyst used for this reaction. La 2 O 2 CO 3 /ZnO as the catalyst [74] and Sn catalysts like (n‐Bu 2 Sn (OMe) 2 , n‐Bu 2 SnO, and Sn(OMe) 2 were utilized for the reaction [6] . Different metal oxides like ZnO, TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3, and CeO 2 were also used for the reaction [10] …”

Section: Glycerol Carbonatementioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling Cutting Edge Innovations in the Catalytic Valorization of Biodiesel Byproduct Glycerol into Value Added Products

et al. 2023

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The increasing production of biodiesel has led to a glut in the production of glycerol, which is a byproduct. This has resulted in the quest for alternative applications using glycerol as a cheap and readily available starting material. One promising approach is the catalytic valorization of glycerol, which converts glycerol into valuable chemicals such as 1,2‐propanediol, lactic acid, and acrolein. The glycerol formed affects the efficiency of the biodiesel, and hence it must be removed. Different processes can convert glycerol to various useful products like glycerol carbonate, glycidol, solketal, lactic acid, and glyceric acid. These different products, the processes used for synthesis, and the various catalysts used have been discussed. The most effective methods for the syntheses, the numerous catalyst systems, mechanisms of the reactions, and applications of these products in different fields are discussed in this review. The paper also discusses the challenges and opportunities of glycerol valorization, including the need for improved catalyst selectivity and activity and the potential for integrating glycerol valorization with other biorefinery processes. Overall, the catalytic valorization of glycerol offers a promising pathway for utilizing this abundantly available resource, and this review provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners working in this area.

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“…One of the highly needed organic carbonates, glycerol carbonate, with numerous applications can be synthesized by the reaction of glycerol and CO 2 (Scheme ). − …”

Section: Thermocatalytic Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Thermo-, Photo-, and Electrocatalytic Continuous Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Liquid Chemicals

Cao

Kabtamu

Kumar

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The enormous research activity on the capture and conversion of CO2 into useful entities is the manifestation of scientific concerns over climate change due to increased accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere. Although several thermo-, photo-, and electrocatalytic methods have been developed to convert CO2 into various important chemicals including fuels, most of them have not been successfully implemented at the industrial level. The one of the apparent reasons is the thermodynamic stability of CO2 that restricts their deployment at industrial scale because of the limitations associated with the strategy of amplifying batch reactors. Flow chemistry is an effective tool not only to develop continuous processes but also to intensify existing ones; implementation of flow processes at the commercial level is more desirable than that of batch processes. Thus, the application of flow chemistry in the CO2 conversion domain has paved the way to develop continuous methodology and, not surprisingly, has garnered tremendous attention recently. Herein, the recent progress in continuous flow conversion of CO2 into liquid chemicals via thermo-, photo-, and electrocatalytic processes is discussed including the importance of catalyst development, flow reaction parameters, and the type of flow reactors for developing a productive continuous flow process; existing challenges and future perspectives on flow chemistry for CO2 conversion are highlighted.

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Glycerol carbonylation with CO2 to form glycerol carbonate: A review of recent developments and challenges

Cited by 26 publications

References 89 publications

An Overview of the Latest Advances in the Catalytic Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate

An Overview of the Latest Advances in the Catalytic Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate

Unveiling Cutting Edge Innovations in the Catalytic Valorization of Biodiesel Byproduct Glycerol into Value Added Products

Advances in Thermo-, Photo-, and Electrocatalytic Continuous Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Liquid Chemicals

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