Glycerol ketals: Synthesis and profits in biodiesel blends

Torres, Miriam de; Jiménez‐Osés, Gonzalo; Mayoral, José A.; Pires, Elísabet; Santos, Mario de los

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2011.11.062

Cited by 68 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…To know the possibility of using other ketones in the condensation, De Torres et al [142] used several linear, branched and cyclic ketones (acetone, butanone, cyclopentanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone and 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone) over several catalysts. Results revealed that on using sulfuric acid as catalyst, the yield was strongly depending on the structure of the starting ketone.…”

Section: Solketalmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Recent Research in the Conversion of Glycerol into Biofuels, Fuel Additives and other Bio-Based Chemicals

et al. 2018

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The depletion of fossil fuels has heightened research and utilization of renewable energy such as biodiesel. However, this has thrown up another challenge of significant increase in its byproduct, glycerol. In view of the characteristics and potentials of glycerol, efforts are on the increase to convert it to higher-value products, which will in turn improve the overall economics of biodiesel production. These high-value products include biofuels, oxygenated fuel additives, polymer precursors and other industrial bio-based chemicals. This review gives up-to-date research findings in the conversion of glycerol to the above high-value products, with a special focus on the performance of the catalysts used and their challenges. The specific products reviewed in this paper include hydrogen, ethanol, methanol, acetin, glycerol ethers, solketal, acetal, acrolein, glycerol carbonate, 1,3-propanediol, polyglycerol and olefins.

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Section: Solketalmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Recent Research in the Conversion of Glycerol into Biofuels, Fuel Additives and other Bio-Based Chemicals

et al. 2018

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“…É feita através da reação de álcoois com aldeídos ou cetonas, sob ação de catalisadores ácidos (PAWAR et al, 2014). Quando esta mesma reação é realizada com acetona forma-se como único produto o solketal, que adicionado à gasolina é capaz de diminuir a formação de goma e aumentar a octanagem (TORRES et al, 2012).…”

Section: Conversão Química E Biológica Do Glicerol Bruto Para Produtounclassified

Avaliação Técnica De Diferentes Processos De Separação Para Purificação Do Glicerol Como Subproduto – Revisão

Alves

Filho

Mendes

2017

R. bras. Ener. Renov.

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O excedente de glicerol produzido nas últimas décadas, devido ao aumento global na produção de biodiesel, vem criando uma demanda por novas tecnologias de purificação ou transformação do glicerol bruto em produtos de alto valor agregado, levando à viabilização do custo final do biodiesel. A glicerina bruta obtida como subproduto no processo de transesterificação contém, além de glicerol (45-85%), álcool, água, sais inorgânicos, ácidos graxos livres, mono-, di-, triglicerídeos, outras matérias orgânicas e resíduos em diferentes quantidades. É de extrema importância a purificação do glicerol para sua reutilização, a fim de reduzir problemas ambientais devido ao seu acúmulo e tornar o biodiesel mais rentável. O glicerol oferece uma ampla gama de oportunidades em muitas aplicações devido às suas propriedades únicas e disponibilidade no mercado. Este artigo analisa os avanços recentes nas tecnologias de purificação da glicerina bruta para utilização em produtos alimentícios, cosméticos e farmacêuticos, como purificação por membranas, troca iônica, destilação e adsorção; transformações biológicas e químicas para o processamento do glicerol em produtos químicos de alto valor agregado, como produção de gás hidrogênio, acroleína, éster, acetais, entre outros; e fornece estratégias para enfrentar os desafios de produção. Diante disso, alguns exemplos são dados para sustentar o objetivo do estudo.

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“…For glycerol acetals and ketals the potential using as fuel additives have been described: lower ketals (solketal and glycerol formal) provide an octane-boosting effect upon blending in gasolines, [5][6][7] whereas higher glycerol acetals can be potentially used as anti-freezing additives for biodiesel and petrodiesel fuels. [8][9][10][11] Moreover, glycerol acetals and ketals have a clear potential as bio-derived cleavable surfactants [12][13][14][15] and green solvents. [16] The scientific successes in the field have been confirmed by the recent launch of industrial production of a new solvents product line under the trademark Augeo, where one of the key components is solketal that is a ketal of glycerol and acetone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transacetalization of Solketal: A Greener Route to Bioglycerol‐Based Speciality Chemicals

Samoilov

Maximov

2018

ChemistrySelect

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In the present study the potential of solketal transacetalization reaction has been demonstrated as an effective method of synthesis of acetals of glycerol and lipophilic carbonyl compounds (2‐ethylhexanal, n‐decanal, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone). In solketal transacetalization with 2‐ethylhexanal reaction rate was significantly higher than of direct acetalization of glycerol both with and without a solvent because on the contrary to glycerol solketal is freely miscible with lipophilic compounds. Unlike the direct acetalization, reaction rate increased along with the temperature with no losses in equilibrium conversion. Furthermore, by stripping of by‐product acetone from the reaction zone we have succeeded in increasing the product yield in one‐pot synthesis to 97–98%, so that no further purification is needed. Finally, transacetalization was shown to be catalyzed with solid acids much more efficiently than the direct reaction (the cheap and eco‐friendly montmorillonite K‐10 catalyst was found to be the most active). Based on the regulations revealed, a green atom‐efficient synthetic protocol to obtain higher glycerol acetals and ketals has been proposed.

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Glycerol ketals: Synthesis and profits in biodiesel blends

Cited by 68 publications

References 5 publications

An Overview of Recent Research in the Conversion of Glycerol into Biofuels, Fuel Additives and other Bio-Based Chemicals

An Overview of Recent Research in the Conversion of Glycerol into Biofuels, Fuel Additives and other Bio-Based Chemicals

Avaliação Técnica De Diferentes Processos De Separação Para Purificação Do Glicerol Como Subproduto – Revisão

Transacetalization of Solketal: A Greener Route to Bioglycerol‐Based Speciality Chemicals

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