Glycerol metabolism and transport in yeast and fungi: established knowledge and ambiguities

Klein, Mathias; Swinnen, Steve; Thevelein, Johan M.; Nevoigt, Elke

doi:10.1111/1462-2920.13617

Cited by 166 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…Further purification was done by solvent precipitation of the cellodextrin products. Yeast metabolites, mainly glycerol and/or organic acids, should be removed . We show that the cellodextrins were hardly soluble in the acetone–water (9:1, by volume).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Three‐Enzyme Phosphorylase Cascade for Integrated Production of Short‐Chain Cellodextrins

Zhong

Nidetzky

2019

Biotechnology Journal

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Cellodextrins are linear β‐1,4‐gluco‐oligosaccharides that are soluble in water up to a degree of polymerization (DP) of ≈6. Soluble cellodextrins have promising applications as nutritional ingredients. A DP‐controlled, bottom‐up synthesis from expedient substrates is desired for their bulk production. Here, a three‐enzyme glycoside phosphorylase cascade is developed for the conversion of sucrose and glucose into short‐chain (soluble) cellodextrins (DP range 3–6). The cascade reaction involves iterative β‐1,4‐glucosylation of glucose from α‐glucose 1‐phosphate (αGlc1‐P) donor that is formed in situ from sucrose and phosphate. With final concentration and yield of the soluble cellodextrins set as targets for biocatalytic synthesis, three major factors of reaction efficiency are identified and partly optimized: the ratio of enzyme activity, the ratio of sucrose and glucose, and the phosphate concentration used. The efficient use of the phosphate/αGlc1‐P shuttle for cellodextrin production is demonstrated and the soluble product at 40 g L−1 is obtained under near‐complete utilization of the donor substrate offered (88 mol% from 200 mm sucrose). The productivity is 16 g (L h)−1. Through a simple two‐step route, the soluble cellodextrins are recovered from the reaction mixture in ≥95% purity and ≈92% yield. Overall, this study provides the basis for their integrated production.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Yeast metabolites, mainly glycerol and/or organic acids, should be removed. [60] We show that the cellodextrins were hardly soluble in the acetone-water (9:1, by volume). Acetone is considered a green solvent.…”

Section: The Soluble Cellodextrin Product Is Isolated In High Yield Amentioning

confidence: 79%

Three‐Enzyme Phosphorylase Cascade for Integrated Production of Short‐Chain Cellodextrins

Zhong

Nidetzky

2019

Biotechnology Journal

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“…In general, diauxic growth on glucose and other carbon sources, such as xylose and glycerol, is common among microorganisms. For example, S. cerevisiae shows diauxic growth on glycerol and glucose due to the complete repression of transcription of the genes encoding glycerol kinase ( GUT1 ) and the FAD‐dependant glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase ( GUT2 ) in the presence of glucose . In other studies, Rh.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Co‐utilization of acidified glycerol pretreated‐sugarcane bagasse for microbial oil production by a novel Rhodosporidium strain

Hassanpour

Cai

Gebbie

et al. 2019

Engineering in Life Sciences

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Acidified glycerol pretreatment is very effective to deconstruct lignocellulosics for producing glucose. Co‐utilization of pretreated biomass and residual glycerol to bioproducts could reduce the costs associated with biomass wash and solvent recovery. In this study, a novel strain Rhodosporidium toruloides RP 15, isolated from sugarcane bagasse, was selected and tested for coconversion of pretreated biomass and residual glycerol to microbial oils. In the screening trails, Rh. toruloides RP 15 demonstrated the highest oil production capacity on glucose, xylose, and glycerol among the 10 strains. At the optimal C:N molar ratio of 140:1, this strain accumulated 56.7, 38.3, and 54.7% microbial oils based on dry cell biomass with 30 g/L glucose, xylose, and glycerol, respectively. Furthermore, sugarcane bagasse medium containing 32.6 g/L glucose from glycerol‐pretreated bagasse and 23.4 g/L glycerol from pretreatment hydrolysate were used to produce microbial oils by Rh. toruloides RP 15. Under the preliminary conditions without pH control, this strain produced 7.7 g/L oil with an oil content of 59.8%, which was comparable or better than those achieved with a synthetic medium. In addition, this strain also produced 3.5 mg/L carotenoid as a by‐product. It is expected that microbial oil production can be significantly improved through process optimization.

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“…These results suggest that additional, as yet uncharacterized, mechanisms may exist, depending on available carbon sources. We speculate that the differences could be due to the fact that the glycerol catabolic pathway in the yeast starts with the oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone (DHA) via a NAD + -dependent glycerol dehydrogenase [53], however, NAD + appears to be dispensable for activities of GlcNAc metabolic enzymes [54]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial complex I bridges a connection between regulation of carbon flexibility and gastrointestinal commensalism in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans

Huang

Chen

et al. 2017

PLoS Pathog

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Efficient assimilation of alternative carbon sources in glucose-limited host niches is critical for colonization of Candida albicans, a commensal yeast that frequently causes opportunistic infection in human. C. albicans evolved mechanistically to regulate alternative carbon assimilation for the promotion of fungal growth and commensalism in mammalian hosts. However, this highly adaptive mechanism that C. albicans employs to cope with alternative carbon assimilation has yet to be clearly understood. Here we identified a novel role of C. albicans mitochondrial complex I (CI) in regulating assimilation of alternative carbon sources such as mannitol. Our data demonstrate that CI dysfunction by deleting the subunit Nuo2 decreases the level of NAD+, downregulates the NAD+-dependent mannitol dehydrogenase activity, and consequently inhibits hyphal growth and biofilm formation in conditions when the carbon source is mannitol, but not fermentative sugars like glucose. Mannitol-dependent morphogenesis is controlled by a ROS-induced signaling pathway involving Hog1 activation and Brg1 repression. In vivo studies show that nuo2Δ/Δ mutant cells are severely compromised in gastrointestinal colonization and the defect can be rescued by a glucose-rich diet. Thus, our findings unravel a mechanism by which C. albicans regulates carbon flexibility and commensalism. Alternative carbon assimilation might represent a fitness advantage for commensal fungi in successful colonization of host niches.

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Glycerol metabolism and transport in yeast and fungi: established knowledge and ambiguities

Cited by 166 publications

References 110 publications

Three‐Enzyme Phosphorylase Cascade for Integrated Production of Short‐Chain Cellodextrins

Three‐Enzyme Phosphorylase Cascade for Integrated Production of Short‐Chain Cellodextrins

Co‐utilization of acidified glycerol pretreated‐sugarcane bagasse for microbial oil production by a novel Rhodosporidium strain

Mitochondrial complex I bridges a connection between regulation of carbon flexibility and gastrointestinal commensalism in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans

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