Glycerol monolaurate ameliorated intestinal barrier and immunity in broilers by regulating intestinal inflammation, antioxidant balance, and intestinal microbiota

Abstract

Extensive interactions occur between a poultry host and its gut microbiome. Glycerol monolaurate (GML) possesses a large range of antimicrobial and immunoregulatory properties. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of different doses of GML (basal diets complemented with 0, 300, 600, 900, or 1200 mg/kg GML) on growth performance, intestinal barrier, and cecal microbiota in broiler chicks. Results revealed that feed intake increased after 900 and 1200 mg/kg GML were administered during the entire 14-day experiment period. Dietary GML decreased crypt depth and increased the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio of the jejunum. In the serum and jejunum, supplementation with more than 600 mg/kg GML reduced interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and malondialdehyde levels and increased the levels of immunoglobulin G, jejunal mucin 2, total antioxidant capacity, and total superoxide dismutase. GML down-regulated jejunal interleukin-1β and interferon-γ expression and increased the mRNA level of zonula occludens 1 and occludin. A reduced expression of toll-like receptor 4 and a tendency of down-regulated nuclear factor kappa-B was shown in GML-treated groups. In addition, GML modulated the composition of the cecal microbiota of the broilers, improved microbial diversity, and increased the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the genera Barnesiella, Coprobacter, Lachnospiraceae, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, Odoriacter, and Parabacteroides were related to inflammation and intestinal integrity. In conclusion, GML ameliorated intestinal morphology and barrier function in broiler chicks probably by regulating intestinal immune and antioxidant balance, as well as intestinal microbiota.

Glycerol monolaurate attenuated immunological stress and intestinal mucosal injury by regulating the gut microbiota and activating AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-challenged broilers

“…Intestinal morphology reflects the health status of the gut and the response to certain feed substances ( Burlikowska, 2012 ). GML supplementation has been found to improve intestinal morphology ( Kong et al., 2021 ; Liu et al., 2020 ). In the present study, dietary GML increased jejunal VH and VCR, reduced intestinal CD, and reversed the LPS-induced decrease in VH of the jejunum in birds, which indicated an augmentation of intestinal morphology.…”

“…The purity of GML was more than 90%, which was purchased from Henan Zhengtong Food Technology Co., Ltd (Henan, China). The supplemental GML dosage was based on previous findings ( Kong et al., 2021 ). The basal diet met the National Research Council ( NRC, 2012 ) recommendations for growing broilers ( Appendix Table 1 ).…”

“…The immunosuppressive properties of GML are conducive to attenuating intestinal inflammation ( Zhang et al., 2018 ). Previous findings demonstrated that GML ameliorated intestinal barrier and immunity in birds by regulating intestinal inflammation, antioxidant balance, and intestinal microbiota ( Kong et al., 2021 ). Although the beneficial effect of GML is gradually being recognized, information on whether GML supplementation can attenuate immunological stress and protect intestinal barrier from LPS challenge in broilers is insufficient.…”

Supplementation alpha glycerol monolaurate during late gestation and lactation enhanced sow performance, ameliorated milk composition, and improved growth of suckling piglets

“…The original sequences were demultiplexed, quality ltered, trimmed, and denoised using Trimmomatic and merged according to the overlapping relationship by FLASH software (v1.2.11, http://ccb.jhu. Edu/software /FLASH/index.shtml) [20]. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with 97% similarity threshold were clustered Using UPARSE (version 7.1, http://drive5.com/uparse/) and their representative sequence categorized and analyzed by the RDP Classi er (http://rdp.…”

Evaluation of dynamic effects of dietary medium-chain monoglycerides on performance, intestinal development and gut microbiota of broilers in large-scale production

“…Gut microbiota manipulation has been proven the main pathway that dietary MG exerts beneficial effects on mice ( Zhao et al., 2019 , 2020 ; Zhang et al., 2021 ; Mo et al., 2021 ). Inclusion of MG improves the productive performance and intestinal development of broiler chickens by selectively increasing the relative abundance of beneficial intestinal bacteria ( Bifidobacteriaceae , Bacteroides and an unclassified genus of Lachnospiraceae family), but decreased the proportion of harmful bacteria ( Liu et al., 2020c , 2021a ; Kong et al., 2021 ). Adding GML to the diets of broilers significantly enhances chicken gut health by suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria ( Eimeria spp.…”