Glycerol Monolaurate Contributes to the Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Human Milk

Schlievert, Patrick M.; Kilgore, Samuel H.; Seo, Keun Seok; Leung, Donald Y.M.

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51130-y

Cited by 49 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…These microbes are potentially able to compete with the establishment of undesired pathogens (eg, Staphylococcus aureus ) in the infant gut 74,75 . Similar pathogen exclusion is noted through fermentation of the antimicrobial compound glycerol monolaurate found in breast milk 76 . Propionibacterium acnes can prevent the growth of S aureus 77 .…”

Section: Early Colonization In Healthy Newbornsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Early‐Life Gut Microbiome—The Importance of Maternal and Infant Factors in Its Establishment

Kapourchali

Cresci

2020

Nut in Clin Prac

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The early-life microbiome is gaining appreciation as a major influencer in human development and long-term health. Multiple factors are known to influence the initial colonization, development, and function of the neonatal gut microbiome. In addition, alterations in early-life gut microbial composition is associated with several chronic health conditions such as obesity, asthma, and allergies. In this review, we focus on both maternal and infant factors known to influence early-life gut colonization. Also reviewed is the important role of infant feeding, including evidence-based strategies for maternal and infant supplementation with the goal to protect and/or restore the infant gut microbiome.

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Section: Early Colonization In Healthy Newbornsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Early‐Life Gut Microbiome—The Importance of Maternal and Infant Factors in Its Establishment

Kapourchali

Cresci

2020

Nut in Clin Prac

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“…Glycerol monolaurate ( GML ), a medium-chain fatty acid ester, is found in coconut fat, palmetto, and human milk ( Zhang et al., 2016a , Zhang et al., 2016b ; Schlievert et al., 2019 ). Furthermore, it can be formed from the combination of lauric acid (C12) and glycerol ( Langone et al., 2002 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of α-glyceryl monolaurate on growth, immune function, volatile fatty acids, and gut microbiota in broiler chickens

Lan¹,

Chen²,

Cao

et al. 2021

Poultry Science

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This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary addition of α-glyceryl monolaurate ( α-GML ) on growth performance, immune function, volatile fatty acids production and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens. A total of 480 1-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly assigned in equal numbers to 4 dietary treatments: basal diet ( NCO ) or supplementations with 30 mg/kg bacitracin ( ANT ), 500 mg/kg α-GML, or 1,000 mg/kg α-GML ( GML2 ). And, each treatment contained 8 replicates with 15 chickens per replicate. After supplementation with α-GML, the total BW gain and average daily weight gain of broilers increased significantly ( P < 0.05) compared with the broilers on the NCO diet. Moreover, compared with the NCO group, higher levels of immune globulin M and immune globulin Y were observed in both GML groups and the ANT group. Concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, and isovalerate in GML2 were significantly higher ( P < 0.05) than those in the NCO group on day 28. However, acetate, propionate, valerate, and isovalerate concentrations were reduced to significantly ( P < 0.05) lower than those in the NCO group on day 56. The abundance and diversity of microbiota were found to be improved in broilers that were supplemented with GML, using operational taxonomic unit and diversity analyses. Furthermore, the GML treatments increased favorable microbiota, particularly acid-producing bacteria, on day 28 and, also, reduced opportunistic pathogens, such as Alistipes tidjanibacter and Bacteroides dorei by day 56. These results suggest that α-GML supplementation modulates cecal microbiota and broiler immunity and improves volatile fatty acid levels during the early growth stages of broilers.

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“…(i) GML is generally recognized as safe by the FDA as a food and cosmetic additive. It is found in human breast milk at concentrations of about 3,000 μg/ml ( 30 ). Some underserved countries have used human breast milk to treat atopic dermatitis where S. aureus is commonly present ( 31 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decolonization of Human Anterior Nares of Staphylococcus aureus with Use of a Glycerol Monolaurate Nonaqueous Gel

Schlievert

Peterson

2020

mSphere

Self Cite

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Staphylococcus aureus is a highly significant infection problem in health care centers, particularly after surgery. It has been shown that nearly 80% of S. aureus infections following surgery are the same as those in the anterior nares of patients, suggesting that the anterior nares is the source of the infection strain. This has led to the use of mupirocin ointment being applied nasally to reduce infections; mupirocin resistance is being observed. This study was undertaken to determine whether gel composed of 5% glycerol monolaurate solubilized in a glycol-based, nonaqueous gel (5% GML gel) could be used as an alternative. In our study, 40 healthy human volunteers swabbed their anterior nares for 3 days with the 5% GML gel. Prior to swabbing and 8 to 12 h after swabbing, S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcal CFU per milliliter were determined by plating the swabs on mannitol salt agar. Fourteen of the volunteers had S. aureus in their nares prior to 5% GML gel treatment, most persons with the organisms present in both nares; five had pure cultures of S. aureus. All participants without pure culture of S. aureus were cocolonized with S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Five of the S. aureus strains produced the superantigens commonly associated with toxic shock syndrome, though none of the participants became ill. For both S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, the 5% GML gel treatment resulted in a 3-log-unit reduction in microorganisms. For S. aureus, the reduction persisted for 2 or 3 days. IMPORTANCE In this microflora study, we show that a 5% glycerol monolaurate nonaqueous gel is safe for use in the anterior nares. The gel was effective in reducing Staphylococcus aureus nasally, a highly significant hospital-associated pathogen. The gel may be a useful alternative or additive to mupirocin ointment for nasal use prior to surgery, noting that 80% of hospital-associated S. aureus infections are due to the same organism found in the nose. This gel also kills all enveloped viruses tested and should be considered for studies to reduce infection and transmission of coronaviruses and influenza viruses.

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Glycerol Monolaurate Contributes to the Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Human Milk

Cited by 49 publications

References 48 publications

Early‐Life Gut Microbiome—The Importance of Maternal and Infant Factors in Its Establishment

Early‐Life Gut Microbiome—The Importance of Maternal and Infant Factors in Its Establishment

Effects of α-glyceryl monolaurate on growth, immune function, volatile fatty acids, and gut microbiota in broiler chickens

Decolonization of Human Anterior Nares of Staphylococcus aureus with Use of a Glycerol Monolaurate Nonaqueous Gel

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