Glycolaldehyde, a reactive intermediate for advanced glycation end products, plays an important role in the generation of an active ligand for the macrophage scavenger receptor.

Abstract

. The negative charge of these ligands increased to a similar extent. However, GA-BSA, but not MG-BSA or GO-BSA, underwent receptor-mediated endocytosis by the macrophage-derived cell line RAW 264.7, which was effectively inhibited by glucose-derived AGE-BSA, acetylated LDL, and oxidized LDL, which are wellknown ligands for the macrophage type I and type II class A scavenger receptors (MSR-A). The endocytic uptake of GA-BSA by mouse peritoneal macrophages was also significant, but that by peritoneal macrophages from MSR-A-deficient mice was markedly reduced. Our results suggest that GA serves as an important intermediate for the generation of AGE structure(s) responsible for recognition by MSR-A.

Renal clearance of glycolaldehyde- and methylglyoxal-modified proteins in mice is mediated by mesangial cells through a class A scavenger receptor (SR-A)

“…Ligand preparation To prepare GA-BSA, 5 mg/ml BSA was incubated with 50 mmol/l of GA at 37°C for 3 days in PBS, followed by dialysis against PBS [3]. MG-BSA was prepared under identical conditions except that 50 mmol/l carbonate buffer (pH 9.0) was used instead of PBS.…”

“…AGE proteins are characterised physicochemically by their fluorescent, brown color and intramolecular and intermolecular crosslinking [1], and biologically by their recognition by specific AGE receptors [2]. Recent studies reported that several aldehydes such as glycolaldehyde (GA), glyoxal, methylglyoxal (MG), and 3-deoxyglucosone are generated during the Maillard reaction from glucose, a Schiff base, or Amadori products [3,4]. A much stronger chemical reactivity than that of glucose indicates the important role of these aldehydes in the in vivo generation of AGE structures [5][6][7].…”

Substrates modified by advanced glycation end-products cause dysfunction and death in retinal pericytes by reducing survival signals mediated by platelet-derived growth factor

“…AGE-modified substrate (AGE-modified BM) was formed by incubating Matrigel in 0.1-100 mmol/l glycoaldehyde [31,32]. To ensure that observed effects were due to AGE-modified BM alone, the substrate was pre-modified and the active glycating agent careful-ly washed away using PBS.…”

Reactive carbonyl compounds (RCCs) cause aggregation and dysfunction of fibrinogen

“…Some familiar and widespread reactive carbonyl compounds such as glycolaldehyde, acrolein, glyoxal, methylglyoxal and malondialdehyde are generated from the peroxidation of membrane lipids (Picklo et. al., 2002;Uchida, 1999Uchida, , 2003Zarkovic, 2003) and glycation of proteins (Nagai et al, 2000) under oxidative stress in vivo. These RCCs all have an active aldehyde group which readily reacts with the side chains of lysinyl and argininyl residues in proteins.…”