Glycolic Acid, Lactic Acid, Mandelic Acid, Salicylic Acid, Citric Acid, Gluconolactone: Skin Exfoliators in Combination Therapy of Acne Vulgaris

Abstract

Facial acne are a recurring issue in most of the population and can cause disturbing skin issues. A combination of Alpha-hydroxy acids, Beta-hydroxy-acids and Poly-hydroxy acids has become popular for treating acne vulgaris in last few years. The main objective of this research study is to evaluate the efficacy & safety of combination of these acids in the treatment of acne vulgaris. The study was conducted on 12 volunteers having mild to moderate to severe acne. They were divided into 3 groups according to the severity of their facial acne. Members of each group were treated with a series of 30% AHA, 2% BHA and 7% PHA. The improvement in their acne condition as well as skin texture was assessed over a period of 6 weeks.

Topical AHA in Dermatology: Formulations, Mechanisms of Action, Efficacy, and Future Perspectives

“…Topical formulations containing AHAs have demonstrated their effectiveness as interventions for various dermatological conditions, including photoaging, hyperpigmentation, and acne [4,36,37]. AHAs exert their beneficial effects by enhancing dermal texture, stimu-lating collagen synthesis, and improving skin tone (Table 1) [6]. These mechanisms involve disrupting intercellular adhesions, promoting cellular turnover, and strengthening the skin barrier (Figure 1) [6].…”

“…AHAs exert their beneficial effects by enhancing dermal texture, stimu-lating collagen synthesis, and improving skin tone (Table 1) [6]. These mechanisms involve disrupting intercellular adhesions, promoting cellular turnover, and strengthening the skin barrier (Figure 1) [6]. Of note, the stability and efficacy of AHA formulations are significantly influenced by formulation considerations, such as pH and vehicle selection.…”

“…Of note, the stability and efficacy of AHA formulations are significantly influenced by formulation considerations, such as pH and vehicle selection. id Increasing collagen synthesis, improving the quality of elastic fibers and increasing the density of water-binding glycosaminoglycans [8] Concentrations vary from 2% to 70% in cleansers, lotions, creams, and gels [6] Lightens post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation [17] Inhibition of melanin production due to regulation of tyrosinase [44] Increased epidermal and dermal firmness and thickness [41] Augment skin brightness and texture [8] Funding: This research received no external funding.…”

“…Among the various types of AHAs, glycolic acid, lactic acid, and citric acid have emerged as salient contenders (Table 1). Glycolic acid, derived from sugarcane, stands out due to its small molecular size, which enables effective skin penetration, promotion of cell turnover, and enhancement of skin texture [6]. Lactic acid, sourced from milk or fermented plant derivatives, is another soughtafter AHA known for its gentle exfoliative properties and compatibility with sensitive skin types [4].…”

“…These lower concentrations are generally well-tolerated by the majority of individuals and contribute to the enhancement of skin tone and texture [9]. In contrast, higher concentrations, such as 20-30%, are often utilized in professional chemical peels performed by dermatologists or skincare specialists to achieve more significant skin resurfacing and rejuvenation [6]. It is important to note that determining the optimal concentration of AHAs requires consideration of individual skin types and the specific condition being treated.…”