Glycosaminoglycans, Albuminuria and Hydrocarbon Exposure

Adriamycin (ADR) induces glomerular damage in rats with persistent severe proteinuria which reaches a peak 15 days after a single 5 mg/kg intravenous (i.v.) injection. We studied in ADR-treated rats the effects of a low-protein (6%) diet (LPD) supplemented with keto acids on urinary protein and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) excretion and glomerular GAG contents. Animals were divided into three groups: group 1 was used as control, and groups 2 and 3 received a single i.v. injection of ADR; group 2 was fed a standard diet (21% protein) and group 3 an LPD. After ADR, group 2 developed heavy proteinuria and showed a progressive increase in urinary GAG excretion starting a few days after the beginning of proteinuria onset and persisting throughout the experiment. After ADR, group 3 (LPD treatment) did not develop proteinuria, and the level of urinary GAGs was comparable to that of controls. The glomerular GAG level in ADR-treated rats was greatly reduced as compared to controls; this decrease was partly eliminated in rats on an LPD. These results suggest that an LPD has a direct effect on cellular GAG production and turnover in ADR-induced glomerulonephritis.

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“…Moreover, recent papers have suggested to quantify their excretion in toxicological studies with nephrotoxic xenobiotics [39,40], 247 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Low-Protein Diet on Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Excretion in Adriamycin-Treated Rats

Benjelloun

Merville²,

Cambar³

et al. 1993

Nephron

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“…The amount of the urinary protein was measured by pyrogallol end-point method, while urinary GAGs was examined by modified Whiteman process (Hotz et al, 1991 ; Liu et al, 2007 ). The urinary GAGs were calculated using a calibration curve, with heparan sulfate as standard, and were corrected with urinary creatinine.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Aggravates Renal Injury through Cytokines and Direct Renal Injury

Zhai

Zhong

et al. 2016

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between renal injury and reinfection that is caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and to analyze the mechanism of renal injury. Rats were repeatedly infected with RSV on days 4, 8, 14, and 28, then sacrificed and examined on day 56 after the primary infection. Renal injury was examined by transmission electron microscopy and histopathology. The F protein of RSV was detected in the renal tissue by indirect immunofluorescence. Proteinuria and urinary glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), serum levels of albumin, urea nitrogen, and creatinine, secretion of cytokines, T lymphocyte population and subsets, and dendritic cell (DC) activation state were examined. The results showed that renal injury was more serious in the reinfection group than in the primary infection group. At a higher infection dose, 6 × 106 PFU, the renal injury was more severe, accompanied by higher levels of proteinuria and urinary GAGs excretion, and lower levels of serum albumin. Podocyte foot effacement was more extensive, and hyperplasia of mesangial cells and proliferation of mesangial matrix were observed. The maturation state of DCs was specific, compared with the primary infection. There was also a decrease in the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T lymphocytes, due to an increase in the percentage of CD8+ T lymphocytes and a decrease in the percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes, and a dramatic increase in the levels of IL-6 and IL-17. In terms of the different reinfection times, the day 14 reinfection group yielded the most serious renal injury and the most significant change in immune function. RSV F protein was still expressed in the glomeruli 56 days after RSV infection. Altogether, these results reveal that RSV infection could aggravate renal injury, which might be due to direct renal injury caused by RSV and the inflammatory lesions caused by the anti-virus response induced by RSV.

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“…Current exposure was assessed by regular measurement of the exposure concentrations at the workplaces, and in some studies additionally by biomonitoring. If no measurements were available, special exposure scores had been developed, which considered the different types of work (Hotz et al 1990(Hotz et al , 1991(Hotz et al , 1993(Hotz et al , 1997Yaqoob et al 1993a, b). Urine samples were taken at different times and frequencies, i.e.…”

Section: Overview Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%