Glycosidase Inhibitory Flavonoids from Sophora flavescens

Abstract

The methanol extract of Sophora flavescens showed a potent glycosidase inhibitory activity. Active components were identified as well-known flavonoid antioxidants: kushenol A (1), (؊)-kurarinone (2), sophoraflavanone G (3), 2-methoxykurarinone (4), kurarinol (5), 8-prenylkaempferol (6), isoxanthohumol (7), kuraridin (8) and maackian (9). All flavonoids were effective inhibitors of a a -glucosidase and b b -amylase. Interestingly, lavandulylated flavanones 1-5 had strong a a -glucosidase inhibitory activities, with IC 50 values of 45 m mM, 68 m mM, 37 m mM, 155 m mM and 179 m mM, respectively. Kushenol A (1) which does not bear a 4-hydroxy group showed selective a a -glucosidase inhibitory activity. Lavandulylated chalcone, kuraridine (8), exhibited IC 50 value of 57 m mM against b b -glucosidase, which is the first report of a chalcone displaying glycosidase inhibition. Results showed that 8-lavandulyl group in B-ring was a key factor of the glycosidase inhibitory activities. The inhibition pattern was noncompetitive for a a -glucosidase, whereas mixed inhibition was observed for b b -amylase.

Inhibitory Effects of Kurarinol, Kuraridinol, and Trifolirhizin from Sophora flavescens on Tyrosinase and Melanin Synthesis

“…Kurarinol is reported to be a prenylated flavanone and an effective inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase, beta-amylase, and cGMP phosphodiesterase-5, and also inhibits diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity. 13,19,21,22) On the other hand, kuraridinol is a chalcone compound belonging to the prenylated flavonoids.…”

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-Antioxidant Flavonoids from Roots of Sophora flavescens

“…8) Biological investigations have mainly focused on its antibacterial, cytotoxic, tyrosinase inhibitory, and glycosidase inhibitory properties. [9][10][11][12] Although the antioxidant benefits of flavonoids from S. flavescens have been reported in a few cases, 13,14) there is no report as to whether the compounds inhibit LDL oxidation and thus their utility toward atherosclerosis treatment is currently not known.…”

Characterization of nimbidiol as a potent intestinal disaccharidase and glucoamylase inhibitor present inAzadirachta indica(neem) useful for the treatment of diabetes

“…It is to be mentioned here that salacinol and kotalanol showed a fully competitive type of inhibition on each α-glucosidase 30 , while acarbose showed a full competitive inhibition towards intestinal sucrase 31 and maltase 13 but noncompetitive type of inhibition towards pancreatic amylase 32 . Flavonoids isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens showed a noncompetitive type of inhibition for α-glucosidases 33 . It was reported that natural circuminoid (bisdemethoxycurcumin) inhibited α-glucosidase in a noncompetitive fashion 34 .…”