One of the greatest challenges in the field of biofabrication remains the discovery of suitable bioinks that satisfy physicochemical and biological requirements. Despite recent advances in tissue engineering and biofabrication, progress has been limited to the development of technologies using polymer-based materials. Here, we show that a nucleotide lipid-based hydrogel resulting from the self-assembly of nucleotide lipids can be used as a bioink for soft tissue reconstruction using injection or extrusion-based systems. To the best of our knowledge, the use of a low molecular weight hydrogel as an alternative to polymeric bioinks is a novel concept in biofabrication and 3D bioprinting. Rheological studies revealed that nucleotide lipid-based hydrogels exhibit suitable mechanical properties for biofabrication and 3D bioprinting, including i) fast gelation kinetics in a cell culture medium and ii) shear moduli and thixotropy compatible with extruded oral cell survival (human gingival fibroblasts and stem cells from the apical papilla). This polymer-free soft material is a promising candidate for a new bioink design.Biofabrication is a growing field in regenerative medicine and represents a promising tool for the construction of complex 3D structures 1-4 . Several approaches 5,6 allow 3D-bioprinted construction to be achieved, with three main techniques: inkjet, laser and extrusion-based bioprinting 7 . Extrusion-based bioprinting (EBB) is one of the most widespread tools used in biofabrication, mainly due to its capacity to build large-volume constructs such as tissue or organ equivalents 5,8 . This technique offers a wide range of opportunities because it is suitable for various polymeric materials including scaffold-based (hydrogels, microcarriers, decellularised matrix components) as well as scaffold-free (cell aggregates) materials 5 .Murphy et al. 1 presented their concept of the "ideal material", which needs to display several features, including printability, biocompatibility, good degradation kinetics, and favourable structural and mechanical properties, as well as material biomimicry. According to recent definitions 9 , a bioink can be defined as "a formulation of cells that is suitable to be processed by an automated biofabrication technology". The presence of cells is a key element, and formulations that do not contain cells or involve the seeding of cells after printing do not qualify as bioinks. The term "biomaterial ink" (BmI) is then used. Consequently, this distinction will be used throughout our work.Hydrogels are commonly used for the formulation of bioinks or BmIs and seem to be promising biomaterials because they are affordable, are easy to handle and can mimic the extracellular matrix 10 . Initial approaches of EBB used synthetic polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or gelatine methacrylate (GelMA) as scaffold materials, but they suffered from poor biological properties 11 . As an alternative, natural polymers derived from fibrous proteins or peptides have been developed due to their intr...