Glycosylated gold nanoparticles in point of care diagnostics: from aggregation to lateral flow

Abstract

Antibody-based lateral flow (immune) assays are well established, but here the emerging concept and potential of using glycans as the detection agents is reviewed.

The application of nanoparticles in point-of-care testing (POCT) immunoassays

“…1) to evaluate these methods: affordability, sensitivity, specicity, user-friendliness (simple to perform in a few steps with minimal training), robust and rapid (results available in less than 30 min), equipment-free and deliverable to those who need them. [8][9][10] Specically, the criteria were developed as a benchmark to judge whether the diagnostic assays address the requirement for resource-constrained settings. 11 However, it is difficult to meet all of these criteria; therefore, the development of excellent POCT platforms to maximize the requirements is still challenging.…”

Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Point-of-Care Testing: Recent Advancements and Social Impacts

“…The benefits of POC testing over laboratory tests is prevalent around the world and provides a promising future for the early, sensitive diagnosis of a wide array of illnesses. For instance, converting from lab tests to POC tests for large-scale screening could avert millions of deaths every year in low- to middle-income countries [ 16 , 17 ]. In the United Kingdom, for example, cardiovascular disease testing costs were reduced from EUR 25 to EUR 18 GBP when POC tests were prioritized [ 16 ].…”

“…For instance, converting from lab tests to POC tests for large-scale screening could avert millions of deaths every year in low- to middle-income countries [ 16 , 17 ]. In the United Kingdom, for example, cardiovascular disease testing costs were reduced from EUR 25 to EUR 18 GBP when POC tests were prioritized [ 16 ]. The COVID-19 antigen home test (which is based on the LFA platform) can return the results in just 15–30 min.…”

Polymer-tethered glyconanoparticle colourimetric biosensors for lectin binding: structural and experimental parameters to ensure a robust output

“…11 Due to the cluster glycoside effect, 10,15 the multivalent display of glycans leads to a non-linear increase in affinity (or avidity) and hence observed affinities in the sub-nanomolar range can be realised, which has been widely exploited in the materials eld using polymers, 16,17 dendrimers, 18,19 or particles. [20][21][22][23][24] Carbohydrate micro-arrays 25 which can contain 100's of distinct glycans are the primary tool for screening new glycan/lectin interactions. These use labelled (or secondary labelled) proteins versus glycans immobilised using amine or lipid [26][27][28] anchors typically, but also polymers 29,30 and emerging related technologies, such as bacteriophage-based solution assays.…”