Glycyrrhetinic acid and its derivatives as potential alternative medicine to relieve symptoms in nonhospitalized COVID‐19 patients

Ding, Hong; Deng, Wenjun; Ding, Lingling; Ye, Xiaoqun; Yin, Shanye; Huang, Weishan

doi:10.1002/jmv.26064

Cited by 54 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Treatment with GA can also alleviate β-amyloid ( Ahn et al, 2006 ; Zhao et al, 2013 ) or systemic LPS-induced ( Song et al, 2013 ) cognitive impairment via inhibition of neuroinflammation. Some COVID-19 patients have been alleviated symptoms using diammonium glycyrrhizinate, an ammonium salt preparation of 18-alpha-GA ( Ding et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2020 ). This phenomenon could be explained by the anti-inflammatory properties of GA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycyrrhizic Acid Improves Cognitive Levels of Aging Mice by Regulating T/B Cell Proliferation

Jiang

Gao

Shen

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is the substance with the highest content of triterpenoid saponins that can be extracted from licorice, and has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anticancer functions, among others. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of GA on cognitive decline in middle-aged mice and explore its mechanisms. We injected GA by the tail vein of C57BL/6 mice and measured their cognitive levels using the Morris water maze. The Morris water maze results demonstrated that GA improved learning and memory abilities in middle-aged mice. Furthermore, the RNA-sequencing and flow cytometric analyses revealed that GA could increase T and B cells. We then confirmed the relationship between cognition and the immune system in the immune-deficient B-NDG mouse model. Our results suggest that GA improves cognition in aging mice by regulating T/B cell proliferation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycyrrhizic Acid Improves Cognitive Levels of Aging Mice by Regulating T/B Cell Proliferation

Jiang

Gao

Shen

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Vitamin C in combination with curcumin and glycyrrhizic acid (VCG plus regime) promoted innate antiviral immunological response and prevented excessive inflammatory response which decreased the risk of inflammation-induced tissue damage [ 88 ]. A non-hospitalised patient with COVID-19 received a traditional Chinese medicine with a steroid-like effect called diammonium glycyrrhizinate in combination with vitamin C [ 89 ]. This regime resulted in significant relieve of the patient’s symptoms.…”

Section: The Beneficial Effect Of Vitamin C In Management Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the possible role of vitamin C in management of COVID-19

2020

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The mainstay of management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mainly supportive as to date there is no effective antiviral treatment, apart from remdesivir which has been approved by Food and Drug administration (FDA) for treatment of COVID-19, or vaccine. Supplementation with micronutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, has gained an increasing interest as part of the supportive management of COVID-19. Vitamin C levels in serum and leukocytes are depleted during the acute stage of infection owing to increased metabolic demands. High-dose vitamin C supplement helps to normalise both serum and leukocytes vitamin C levels. Vitamin C has multiple pharmacological characteristics, antiviral, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, which make it a potential therapeutic option in management of COVID-19. The use of high dose of intravenous vitamin C for management of COVID-19 in China and the United Stated has shown promising results. There were no reported adverse reactions with the short-term use of high dose of vitamin C. Given the fact that vitamin C is cheap, available and safe drug with beneficial effects in management of viral infections and critically ill patients reported in previous clinical trials, it is sensible to add it to COVID-19 management protocol particularly if the current ongoing clinical trials testing the effect of vitamin C in management of COVID-19 show positive results.

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“…Subsequently, GLR has shown activities against different viruses, including SARS‐associated human and animal coronaviruses, and HIV‐1 13–16 . The increasing scientific interest in GLR and the current COVID‐19 pandemia suggested that GLR may be a potential effective drug against the SARS‐CoV‐2 coronavirus and should be further considered 16–18 . In this study, we summarized serum hepatic enzyme activities in COVID‐19 patients who were treated at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, evaluated the relationship with the illness severity in COVID‐19 patients, and analyzed the correlation of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG, the salt form of glycyrrhizin) treatment and abnormal liver enzyme activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of serum hepatic enzyme activities in different COVID‐19 phenotypes

Liao

Peng

Chen

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a newly emerging infectious disease. Our understanding of the clinical characteristics of liver damage and the relationship with disease severity in COVID‐19 is still limited. To investigate the serum hepatic enzyme activities in different phenotypes of COVID‐19 patients, evaluate their relationship with the illness severity and analyze the correlation of glycyrrhizin treatment and abnormal liver enzyme activities, one hundred and forty‐seven patients with COVID‐19 were enrolled in a retrospective study that investigated hepatic dysfunction. Liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), Y‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were analyzed in these patients. Patients with diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) treatment were further investigated. Of the 147 patients, 56 (38.1%) had abnormal ALT activity and 80 (54.4%) had abnormal AST activity. The peak of abnormal hepatic enzyme activities occurred at 3 to 6 days after on admission. Serum AST and LDH levels were elevated, while the SOD level was decreased in severe and critical patients, compared with mild cases. DG treatment may alleviate the abnormal liver enzyme activities in non‐critical COVID‐19 patients. Abnormal liver functions may be observed in patients with COVID‐19, and were associated with SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced acute liver damage. Glycyrrhizin treatment may be an effective therapeutic approach for the outcome of abnormal hepatic enzyme activities in severe COVID‐19 cases. Serum hepatic enzyme tests may reflect the illness severity and should be monitored.

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Glycyrrhetinic acid and its derivatives as potential alternative medicine to relieve symptoms in nonhospitalized COVID‐19 patients

Cited by 54 publications

References 19 publications

Glycyrrhizic Acid Improves Cognitive Levels of Aging Mice by Regulating T/B Cell Proliferation

Glycyrrhizic Acid Improves Cognitive Levels of Aging Mice by Regulating T/B Cell Proliferation

Overview of the possible role of vitamin C in management of COVID-19

Evaluation of serum hepatic enzyme activities in different COVID‐19 phenotypes

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