Glyoxylate cycle and reactive oxygen species metabolism are involved in the improvement of seed vigor in watermelon by exogenous GA3

García

et al. 2021

IJMS

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is widely cultivated as one of the most important root crops, and developing an effective presowing treatment method can promote the development of modern mechanized precision sowing. In the present study, a novel seed priming technology, named hydro-electro hybrid priming (HEHP), was used to promote the germination of carrot seeds. Seed germination experiments showed that HEHP was able to increase the germination index (GI) and vigor index (VI) by 3.1-fold and 6.8-fold, respectively, and the effect was significantly superior to that of hydro-priming (HYD) and electrostatic field treatment (EF). The consumption and utilization rate of seed storage reserves were also greatly improved. Meanwhile, both glyoxysomes and mitochondria were found to appear ahead of time in the endosperm cells of HEHP through observations of the subcellular structure of the endosperm. Activities of isocitrate lyase (ICL), NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (MDH), pyruvate kinase (PK), and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) were significantly increased by HEHP. From transcriptome results, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways related to the glyoxylate cycle, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the citrate cycle were significantly enriched and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis confirmed the expression pattern of 15 critical differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in these pathways. All DEGs encoding MDH, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and PK were upregulated in HEHP; thus, it is reasonable to infer that the transformation of malate, oxalacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and pyruvate in the cytoplasm may be pivotal for the energy supply during early germination. The results suggest that the optimal effect of HEHP is achieved by initiating stored lipid utilization and respiratory metabolism pathways related to germination.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydro-Electro Hybrid Priming Promotes Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Seed Germination by Activating Lipid Utilization and Respiratory Metabolism

García

et al. 2021

IJMS

“…There are many GA synthetic or signaling mutants in horticultural plants, which is helpful not only to explore the roles of GAs, but also alter plant stature or other economic traits. However, unfavorable traits such as male sterility, poor germination, or low nitrogen-use efficiency are also found in some mutants ( Zhang et al., 2014 ; Li et al., 2018a ; He et al., 2019b ), reducing their commercial value. There are two strategies for breeders to solve this challenge for horticultural species.…”

Section: A View To the Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of gibberellins on important agronomic traits of horticultural plants

Zhang

Zhao²,

Sun³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

Horticultural plants such as vegetables, fruits, and ornamental plants are crucial to human life and socioeconomic development. Gibberellins (GAs), a class of diterpenoid compounds, control numerous developmental processes of plants. The roles of GAs in regulating growth and development of horticultural plants, and in regulating significant progress have been clarified. These findings have significant implications for promoting the quality and quantity of the products of horticultural plants. Here we review recent progress in determining the roles of GAs (including biosynthesis and signaling) in regulating plant stature, axillary meristem outgrowth, compound leaf development, flowering time, and parthenocarpy. These findings will provide a solid foundation for further improving the quality and quantity of horticultural plants products.

“…With respect to the enzymatic changes in the role of dehydrogenase malate (MDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are highlighted (Assis et al, 2019). The enzyme malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the last reaction of the Krebs cycle (Tunes et al, 2011), being able to transfer electrons from their substrates to generate reduced NAD (P) H or FADH 2 , which then produce ATP via mitochondrial electron transport chain (He et al, 2019). This highlights a vital role in a variety of physiological activities, such as energy metabolism of mitochondria and ERO metabolism in plants (Heber, 1974;Jia et al, 2018), therefore, for the germinative process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histochemical approach of the mobilization of reserve compounds in germinating coffee seeds

Oliveira

Souza

Silva

et al. 2020

The endosperm of coffee beans is an important structure which is composed of different reserve compounds. In the present study, we followed anatomical features during the reserve mobilization of Coffea arabica L. cv 'Catuaí' seed samples, harvested at 20 different sites, after 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 30 and 45 days of imbibition. Seed samples were properly stored for enzyme activity assessment and fixed in FAA solution (formaldehyde, acetic acid and ethanol, 1; 1; 18) and kept in ethanol 70% solution, for histochemical analysis. Alternatively, samples for phenolic compounds histochemical test were fixed in Ferrous sulfate in formalin. Fixed samples were cross-sectioned for detection of starch, lipids, essential oils, oleoresins, proteins, phenolic compounds, neutral polysaccharides, alkaloids, β-1,3 and β-1,4 glucans, and lignin. Overall, based on histochemical tests and enzyme activity, seed reserve mobilization was similar among the evaluated altitudes and mountainsides. During soaking, there is an intense consumption of reserve compounds, starting at the region close to the embryo. Reserve mobilization intensifies after root protrusion, from 12 days of soaking. The intensification of the reserve consumption concomitant with an increased activity of MDH is observed at the first 12 days, whereas SOD showed higher expression after 30 days of soaking. At the 30 th day, little reserve is observed in the endosperm. At 45 th day, cotyledon leaves are expanded, and the root system, constituted by the taproot and lateral roots, is well established.