GNSS spoofing detection through spatial processing

Rothmaier, Fabian; Chen, Yu-Hsuan; Lo, Sherman; Walter, Todd

doi:10.1002/navi.420

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This article presents a spatial method to detect spoofing signals that bridge these two approaches: it utilizes the a priori information from the PVT solution and satellite ephemeris, but detects using the ASVs. The results show comparable performance to the current state-of-the-art uniformly most powerful invariant (UMPI) detector [10], emphasizing the excellent performance. However, if the attitude of the GNSS receiver (i.e., orientation in space) is perfectly known (an unfair comparison), it is superior to the current state-of-theart.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…The arc-based detector is relative and a UMPI detector [10]. The detector uses the great circle arcs δ(l, p) between two spatial vectors u l and u p (the spatial vectors are unit vectors):…”

Section: B Arc Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next, all N c combination of arcs are added to a single vector δ ∈ R Nc×1 : The arc-based UMPI detector assumes that the arcs are Gaussian distributed or Gaussian over-bounded at least [10]. If the signals are authentic, then the mean is the expected great circle arcs δ as determined by the PVT solution and the satellite ephemeris.…”

Section: B Arc Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current spatial detection methods are either blind and use no a priori information [11]- [13], resulting in low performance, or relying entirely on the final DOA estimation outputs [7]- [10], limiting the performance to the DOA estimator. This article presents a spatial method to detect spoofing signals that bridge these two approaches: it utilizes the a priori information from the PVT solution and satellite ephemeris, but detects using the ASVs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced Spatial Spoofing Detection With and Without Direction of Arrival Estimation

Merwe

LIPKA²,

Rügamer

2023

IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst.

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Spoofing, the transmission of false global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals, threatens receivers. The first step in dealing with spoofers is to detect the attack. Once a spoofing attack is detected, spatial detection methods using an array of antennas can additionally mitigate spoofing through spatial nulling. This article presents a spatial spoofing detection approach using the estimated antenna steering vectors (ASVs) from direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. Further, the method is compared to blind detection and post-DOA estimation methods. Simulation results show that the approach is comparable to the current state-of-the-art if the same a priori information is used. However, superior performance is achieved if the attitude of the antenna array is known. The presented approach represents an alternative method for spatial spoofing detection that leverages the DOA estimates but remains in the ASV domain. Therefore, it benefits from noise modeling and ambiguity resolution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: B Arc Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Arc Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Enhanced Spatial Spoofing Detection With and Without Direction of Arrival Estimation

Merwe

LIPKA²,

Rügamer

2023

IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst.

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“…Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) can provide continuous and reliable positioning, velocity and timing services in both military and civil fields [1], [2]. It has the characteristics of global, all-weather and high accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

INS-Aided Multi-Antenna GNSS Carrier Phase Double Difference Spoofing Detection

Zhang¹,

Ding²,

Xia³

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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The effective spoofing detection can prevent GNSS receiver from providing erroneous positioning, velocity and timing information. Most of the available multi-antennas carrier phase double differencebased spoofing detection methods, regardless of the aiding of inertial navigation system (INS), exploit the divergence in carrier phase double differences derived from the direction of arrival (DOA) characteristics of the authentic signal and spoofing signal. However, the traditional methods mainly implemented by dualantenna GNSS receivers has spatial ambiguity and lacks global detection performance analysis. Furthermore, an INS-aided multi-antenna spoofing detection method is proposed without spatial ambiguity comparing the predicted signal DOA by INS and the vectoral carrier phase double differences measured by multi antennas. To analyze the influence of the antenna array baseline length and signal DOA on the detection performance, a comprehensive numerical simulation was conducted. The dead zone of the proposed detection method is revealed to assess the global spoofing detection performance. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified under the GNSS positioning scenarios. In the worst case, spoofing signals can be effectively detected in 95.2% of the airspace under one time the wavelength antenna baseline configuration and in 99.3% of the airspace under five times the wavelength antenna baseline configuration, respectively.INDEX TERMS Inertial navigation system aiding, GNSS spoofing detection, carrier phase, multi-antenna.

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