Goitrogenesis during pregnancy and neonatal hypothyroxinaemia in a borderline iodine sufficient area

Kung, A. W. C.; Lao, Terence T.; Chau, MT; Tam, Sidney; Low, Lck

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.01156.x

Cited by 68 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Similar to our results, one study performed in northern Portugal (31) and another from Spain (34) did not find statistical differences in UIC values between early and late pregnancy. However, other authors have referred a clear decrease (43,44), while others have shown even an increase (45). These discrepancies are probably due to the level of iodine intake and other unclear ethnic nutritional differences in the analyzed women (44).…”

Section: Urine Iodine Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 61%

Iodine intake in Portuguese pregnant women: results of a countrywide study

Limbert¹,

Prazeres²,

Pedro³

et al. 2010

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Background: Iodine is the key element for thyroid hormone synthesis, and its deficiency, even moderate, is harmful in pregnancy, when needs are increased, because of its potential deleterious effects on fetal brain development. In Portugal, no recent data on iodine intake exists. The objective of this countrywide study was to analyze iodine status in pregnant Portuguese women in order to propose adequate measures to the health authorities. Subjects and methods: Using a fast colorimetric method, urine iodine concentration (UIC) was evaluated in 3631 pregnant women followed in 17 maternity hospitals from hinterland and coastal areas in Continental Portugal and the Portuguese islands of Açores and Madeira. Results: Median UIC value was 84.9 mg/l (range 67.6-124.1) in Continental Portugal, 69.5 mg/l in Madeira, and 50.0 mg/l in Açores. The percentage of satisfactory values (O150 mg/l) was 16.8, ranging from 8.8 to 34.1 in the Continent, and being 8.2 in Madeira and 2.3 in Açores. The percentage of values below 50 mg/l was 23.7, ranging from 14.0 to 37.4 in the Continent, 33.7 in Madeira, and 50.0 in Açores. Conclusions: Our results point to an inadequate iodine intake in pregnant women assisted in most Portuguese maternity hospitals. Considering the potential deleterious effects of inadequate iodine supply in pregnancy, iodine supplementation is strongly recommended in this period of life.

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Section: Urine Iodine Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 61%

Iodine intake in Portuguese pregnant women: results of a countrywide study

Limbert¹,

Prazeres²,

Pedro³

et al. 2010

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…UI concentrations increased during pregnancy in iodine-replete areas [12][13][14] and in borderline-sufficient areas [12,15] increasing during the course of pregnancy. [12,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary iodine percentile ranges in the United States

Soldin¹,

Soldin

Pezzullo

2003

Clinica Chimica Acta

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Background-The status of iodine nutrition of a population can be determined by measurement of urinary iodine concentrations since it is thought to indicate dietary iodine intake. Normally, these results are compared to population-based criteria, since there are no reference ranges for urinary iodine.Objective-To determine the percentile ranges for urinary iodide (UI) concentrations in normal individuals in the United States. (1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994) database of the civilian, non-institutionalized, iodine-sufficient US population was used. The 2.5th to 97.5th percentile ranges for urinary iodine and for urinary iodine per gram creatinine ratio (UI/Cr) (μg/g) were calculated for females and males, 6-89 years of age, each stratified by age groups. Materials and methods-The third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)Results and conclusions-We calculated the percentile ranges for urinary iodine. After exclusions of subjects with goiter or thyroid disease, the study sample included 21,530 subjects; 10,439 males and 11,091 females. For women of childbearing age (14-44 years), urinary iodine concentration 2.5th to 97.5th percentiles are 1.8-65 μg/dl or 36-539 μg/g creatinine. For pregnant women, the ranges are 4.2-55 μg/dl or 33-535 μg/g creatinine.

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“…2 At the same time, studies also reported that one third of local pregnant women were iodine-deficient based on their urinary iodine concentration (UIC), from the first through third trimester. 3,4 Pregnant and lactating women are among the most vulnerable groups in the population as iodine plays an important role in early neuronal migration and maturation in the developing fetus and infants. A local expert panel group was established in 2003 to encourage the monitoring of iodine status and rectify the problem.…”

Section: Implications For Clinical Practice or Policymentioning

confidence: 99%