Gold(III) Complexes: An Overview on Their Kinetics, Interactions With DNA/BSA, Cytotoxic Activity, and Computational Calculations

Abstract

In the last few years, metallodrugs play a key role in the development of medicinal chemistry. The choice of metal ion, its oxidation state and stability, and the choice of inert and labile ligands are just some of the very important facts which must be considered before starting the synthesis of complexes with utilization in medicinal purpose. As a result, a lot of compounds of different transition metal ions found application for diagnostic and therapeutic purpose. Beside all, gold compounds have attracted particular attention. It is well-known that gold compounds could be used for the treatment of cancer, HIV, rheumatoid arthritis (chrysotherapy), and other diseases. This metal ion has unoccupied d-sublevels and possibility to form compounds with different oxidation states, from −1 to +5. However, gold(I) and gold(III) complexes are dominant in chemistry and medicine. Especially, gold(III) complexes are of great interest due to their structural similarity with cisplatin. Accordingly, this review summarizes the chemistry of some mononuclear and polynuclear gold(III) complexes. Special attention is given to gold(III) complexes with nitrogen-donor inert ligands (aliphatic or aromatic that have a possibility to stabilize complex) and their kinetic behavior toward different biologically relevant nucleophiles, mechanism of interaction with DNA/bovine serum albumin (BSA), cytotoxic activity, as well as computational calculations.

Novel Papaverine Metal Complexes with Potential Anticancer Activities

“…After the FDA’s approval of auranofin (tetra- O -acetylglucose-1-thiolgold(I) triethylphosphine complex) as a therapy for rheumatoid arthritis, the gold-based drugs have attracted special attentioin. The exploitation of gold complexes has led to vast diversity of gold compounds of biological relevance, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic agents [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ].…”

On the Different Mode of Action of Au(I)/Ag(I)-NHC Bis-Anthracenyl Complexes Towards Selected Target Biomolecules

“…This result also agrees with that established by fluorescence titrations, where high values of equilibrium constants, characteristic of covalent bonds formation, were found. Note that the rate of Au(I)/cysteine adduct formation is known to be fast [ 61 , 62 ] and that signal stabilisation was carefully checked during the titrations. The intensity of the peak increases with the amount of complex in solution, but no time evolution of the spectra was observed.…”

Thermodynamic Study of Oxidovanadium(IV) with Kojic Acid Derivatives: A Multi-Technique Approach

“…Among the new potential anticancer agents, the bis-chelated complex formed with the well-known iron chelator deferiprone, the 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridinone, is active against malignant melanoma cells and causes apoptosis and cell cycle block [19,20]. It is noteworthy that polynuclear metal complexes often have a cytotoxicity higher than mononuclear species, as was reported for Au, Pd, Pt, and Cu complexes [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”