Gold nanoparticle–porphyrin self-assembled multistructures for photoelectric conversion

Layer-by-layer assembled gold nanoparticle films on amine-terminated substrates

“…The above measurements demonstrate a stepwise growth of the AuNP film, wherein the particles agglomerated to form larger clusters with increasing number of assembly layers. This behavior is very different from that in the AuNP/porphyrin composite film built by covalent LbL assembly, in which no substantial agglomerates were seen [22]. The difference is probably related with the different nature of the binding forces in the above assembly and ours: the electrostatic attraction may be more facile than covalent bond and give rise to more pronounced particle aggregation.…”

“…without any functional capping layer other than the negative charges from the reducing agent on the particle surface. Such AuNPs allow for direct covalent LbL assembly with amino-or thiol-containing molecules such as horse heart myoglobin [21] and tetrathioacetyl derivative of porphyrin [22], which can bind directly to the particle via the formation of covalent bonds. They can also undergo electrostatic LbL assembly with positively charged species, making use of the negative charges on the particle surface.…”

Synthesis, spectroscopy, and photophysics of porphyrins attached to gold nanoparticlesviaone or two linkers

“…Among many different molecules that have been attached to nanoparticles, porphyrins, widely investigated macrocycles justly called "pigments of life" [7], emerge as attractive probes for studying nanoparticle-chromophore interactions. Quite a few reports have appeared dealing with porphyrin-functionalized nanoparticle systems, such as porphyrin-alkanethiolate-stabilized gold clusters [8][9][10], two-dimensional assemblies of tetrapyridylporphyrin-derivatized gold nano particles (AuNPs) [11], gold nanoparticle-porphyrin self-assembled multistructures for photoelectric conversion [12], zinc metallo porphyrin-functionalized nanoparticle anion sensors [13], water-soluble gold nanoparticles protected by mesotetraphenylporphyrin-thiol derivative [14], thiol-derivatized cobalt porphyrins on gold surfaces [15], gold nanoparticles coated by a horizontal porphyrin monolayer [16], gold(0) porphyrins on gold nanoparticles [17], free-base porphyrins with two thioacetate terminated linkers attached to gold nanoparticles stabilized by tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOABr) [18].…”

Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles by Inorganic Entities

“…In all former examples, only functionalizing agents with only one anchoring point have been presented. But they Nanostructured assemblies of particles with diameters ranging from 50 to 100 nm presented the optimal photocurrent efficiencies [171]. Based on the strategy that an increase of the ionic force is known to cause flocculation of Au-NPs, a novel method to elaborate these nanostructures was developed, still using these viologen-substituted ruthenium complex [172].…”