GOLDEN 2-LIKE Transcription Factors of Plants

Chen, Min; Ji, Meiling; Wen, Binbin; Liu, Li; Li, Shaoxuan; Chen, Xiude; Gao, Dongsheng; Li, Ling

doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.01509

Cited by 223 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…Several genes have been implicated in control of fruit chloroplast development. GOLDEN LIKE 2 (GLK2) is a nuclear-encoded transcription factor that belongs to the GARP family and acts as a positive regulator of chloroplast development in leaf and fruit tissues (Powell et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2016;Safi et al, 2017). GLK2 promotes chloroplast development by activating the expression of genes coding for proteins associated with photosynthesis processes such as chlorophyll biosynthesis, light harvesting, and electron transport (Waters et al, 2009;Nguyen et al, 2014;Hern andez-Verdeja and Strand, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The zinc‐finger transcription factor CcLOL1 controls chloroplast development and immature pepper fruit color in Capsicum chinense and its function is conserved in tomato

et al. 2019

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Summary Chloroplast development and chlorophyll content in the immature fruit has a major impact on the morphology and quality in pepper (Capsicum spp.) fruit. Two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs), pc1 and pc10 that affect chlorophyll content in the pepper fruit by modulation of chloroplast compartment size were previously identified in chromosomes 1 and 10, respectively. The pepper homolog of GOLDEN2‐LIKE transcription factor (CaGLK2) has been found as underlying pc10, similar to its effect on tomato chloroplast development. In the present study, we identified the pepper homolog of the zinc‐finger transcription factor LOL1 (LSD ONE LIKE1; CcLOL1) as the gene underlying pc1. LOL1 has been identified in Arabidopsis as a positive regulator of programmed cell death and we report here on its role in controlling fruit development in the Solanaceae in a fruit‐specific manner. The light‐green C. chinense parent used for QTL mapping was found to carry a null mutation in CcLOL1. Verification of the function of the gene was done by generating CRISPR/Cas9 knockout mutants of the orthologous tomato gene resulting in light‐green tomato fruits, indicating functional conservation of the orthologous genes in controlling chlorophyll content in the Solanaceae. Transcriptome profiling of light and dark‐green bulks differing for pc1, showed that the QTL affects multiple photosynthesis and oxidation‐reduction associated genes in the immature green fruit. Allelic diversity of three known genes CcLOL1, CaGLK2, and CcAPRR2 that influence pepper immature fruit color, was found to be associated with variation in chlorophyll content primarily in C. chinense.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The zinc‐finger transcription factor CcLOL1 controls chloroplast development and immature pepper fruit color in Capsicum chinense and its function is conserved in tomato

et al. 2019

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“…In recent years, a few transcription factors involved in regulation and synchronization of chlorophyll and carotenoids accumulation were identified in plants. Among these, Golden2-like (GLK2) transcription factors, which regulate chloroplast development (Chen et al , 2016). Allelic or expression variation in the GLK2 gene were shown to be associated with levels of chlorophyll and carotenoids in Arabidopsis, tomato and pepper (Waters et al , 2008, 2009; powell et al , 2012; Brand et al , 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-allelic APRR2 Gene is Associated with Fruit Pigment Accumulation in Melon and Watermelon

Oren

Tzuri

Vexler

et al. 2019

Preprint

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23Color and pigment content are important aspects of fruit quality and consumer 24 acceptance of cucurbit crops. Here, we describe the independent mapping and cloning 25 of a common causative APRR2 gene regulating pigment accumulation in melon and 26 watermelon. We initially show that the APRR2 transcription factor is causative for the 27 qualitative difference between dark and light green rind in both crops. Further analyses 28 establish the link between sequence or expression level variations in the CmAPRR2 29 gene and pigments content in the rind and flesh of mature melon fruits. GWAS of young 30 fruit rind color in a panel composed of 177 diverse melon accessions did not result in 31 any significant association, leading to an earlier assumption that multiple genes are 32 involved in shaping the overall phenotypic variation at this trait. Through resequencing 33 of 25 representative accessions and allelism tests between light rind accessions, we 34 show that multiple independent SNPs in the CmAPRR2 gene are causative for the light 35 rind phenotype. The multi-haplotypic nature of this gene explain the lack of detection 36 power obtained through GBS-based GWAS and confirm the pivotal role of this gene in 37 shaping fruit color variation in melon. This study demonstrates the power of combining 38 bi-and multi-allelic designs with deep sequencing, to resolve lack of power due to high 39 haplotypic diversity and low allele frequencies. Due to its central role and broad effect 40 on pigment accumulation in fruits, the APRR2 gene is an attractive target for 41 carotenoids bio-fortification of cucurbit crops.42 43

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“…On the other hand, the bsd1/GOLDEN2 (Langdale and Kidner, 1994;Hall et al, 1998) and bsd2 maize mutants have BS but not M chloroplast defects. GOLDEN2 encodes a transcription factor that is a member of a family with a conserved role in chloroplast development (Chen et al, 2016), and BSD2 is a zinc finger chaperone-type protein. It is possible that they represent elements of a poorly characterized network that is responsible for BS chloroplast development and, like reticulate mutants that affect both primary metabolism and M chloroplast development, have multiple functions, at least in the case of BSD2.…”

Section: Regulation Of Chloroplast Number and Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

The Rubisco Chaperone BSD2 May Regulate Chloroplast Coverage in Maize Bundle Sheath Cells

et al. 2017

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In maize (Zea mays), Bundle Sheath Defective2 (BSD2) plays an essential role in Rubisco biogenesis and is required for correct bundle sheath (BS) cell differentiation. Yet, BSD2 RNA and protein levels are similar in mesophyll (M) and BS chloroplasts, although Rubisco accumulates only in BS chloroplasts. This raises the possibility of additional BSD2 roles in cell development. To test this hypothesis, transgenic lines were created that overexpress and underexpress BSD2 in both BS and M cells, driven by the cell type-specific Rubisco Small Subunit (RBCS) or Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase (PEPC) promoters or the ubiquitin promoter. Genetic crosses showed that each of the transgenes could complement Rubisco deficiency and seedling lethality conferred by the bsd2 mutation. This was unexpected, as RBCS-BSD2 lines lacked BSD2 in M chloroplasts and PEPC-BSD2 lines expressed half the wild-type BSD2 level in BS chloroplasts. We conclude that BSD2 does not play a vital role in M cells and that BS BSD2 is in excess of requirements for Rubisco accumulation. BSD2 levels did affect chloroplast coverage in BS cells. In PEPC-BSD2 lines, chloroplast coverage decreased 30% to 50%, whereas lines with increased BSD2 content exhibited a 25% increase. This suggests that BSD2 has an ancillary role in BS cells related to chloroplast size. Gas exchange showed decreased photosynthetic rates in PEPC-BSD2 lines despite restored Rubisco function, correlating with reduced chloroplast coverage and pointing to CO 2 diffusion changes. Conversely, increased chloroplast coverage did not result in increased Rubisco abundance or photosynthetic rates. This suggests another limitation beyond chloroplast volume, most likely Rubisco biogenesis and/or turnover rates.

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GOLDEN 2-LIKE Transcription Factors of Plants

Cited by 223 publications

References 50 publications

The zinc‐finger transcription factor CcLOL1 controls chloroplast development and immature pepper fruit color in Capsicum chinense and its function is conserved in tomato

The zinc‐finger transcription factor CcLOL1 controls chloroplast development and immature pepper fruit color in Capsicum chinense and its function is conserved in tomato

Multi-allelic APRR2 Gene is Associated with Fruit Pigment Accumulation in Melon and Watermelon

The Rubisco Chaperone BSD2 May Regulate Chloroplast Coverage in Maize Bundle Sheath Cells

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