Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Action in the Pituitary: A Three Step Mechanism*

Conn, P. Michael; Marian, Jan; McMillian, Michael; Stern, Judy E.; Rogers, Deloris C.; Hamby, Mark; Penna, Anna; Grant, Elton

doi:10.1210/edrv-2-2-174

Cited by 196 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Gonadotrope Cells. Gonadotropin secretion is predominantly regulated by GnRH (Conn et al, 1981;Charlton, 2008). There is now evidence that PACAP acts either alone or synergistically with GnRH to stimulate LH and FSH mRNA expression McArdle and Counis, 1996;Winters et al, 1997) and gonadotropin secretion (Culler and Paschall, 1991;Schomerus et al, 1994;Tsujii et al, 1994Petersen et al, 1996;Ortmann et al, 1999;Counis et al, 2007).…”

Section: B Effects Of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-activating Polypepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide and Its Receptors: 20 Years after the Discovery

et al. 2009

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Section: B Effects Of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-activating Polypepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide and Its Receptors: 20 Years after the Discovery

et al. 2009

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“…Rinding of GnRH to specific plasma membrane receptors is the first step leading to gonadotropin secretion (Conn et al, 1981). Receptors for GnRH in the catfish pituitary were characterised using a radioligand preparcd from a superactive analogue of sGnRH (D-Argh, Pro9-sGnRH; SGnRHa).…”

Section: Gonadotropin Releasing Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal and external factors controlling reproduction in the African catfish,Clarias gariepinus

Goos

Richter

1996

Aquat. Living Resour.

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“…Calcium ions, cyclic nucleotides, and combinations thereof are postulated to be the "second messenger" of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) (1,2). The action of LHRH in stimulating the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) from anterior pituitary gonadotrophs also appears to involve turnover of phosphatidylinositol (3) and release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipid stores (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Action of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone: involvement of novel arachidonic acid metabolites.

Snyder¹,

Capdevila²,

Chacos³

et al. 1983

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

123

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Anterior pituitary cells were incubated in the presence of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and one of three inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism: indomethacin, an inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase system; nordihydroguaiaretic acid, an antioxidant that inhibits lipoxygenase; and icosatetraynoic acid, an acetylenic analogue of arachidonic acid that blocks all known pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism. Indomethacin was ineffective in blocking luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-stimulated luteinizing hormone secretion. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid was only marginally capable of inhibiting luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-stimulated luteinizing hormone secretion. Icosatetraynoic acid at 10 pM completely inhibited stimulated luteinizing hormone secretion. Addition of several epoxygenated arachidonic acid metabolites to cells in vitro resulted in secretion of luteinizing hormone equal to or greater than that induced by 10 nM luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. The half-maximal effective dose for these compounds was approximately 50 nM. The 5,6-epoxyicosatrienoic acid was the most potent of the compounds tested. These studies suggest that luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-stimulated luteinizing hormone release is closely coupled with the production of oxidized arachidonic acid metabolites. Moreover, one or more of the epoxygenated arachidonic acid metabolites might be a component of the cascade of reactions initiated by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone that ultimately results in secretion of luteinizing hormone.Calcium ions, cyclic nucleotides, and combinations thereof are postulated to be the "second messenger" of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) (1, 2). The action of LHRH in stimulating the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) from anterior pituitary gonadotrophs also appears to involve turnover of phosphatidylinositol (3) and release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipid stores (4). Previous studies have eliminated a role for prostaglandins in the action of LHRH because LHRH-stimulated LH secretion is insensitive to blockage of prostaglandin formation by indomethacin (5). At least two additional pathways of arachidonate metabolism are currently recognized: a lipoxygenase reaction leading to hydroperoxides and leukotrienes (6) and the recently reported NADPH-supported cytochrome P450-dependent epoxygenase pathway (7-9). Since arachidonic acid mobilization from cellular pools is apparently required for LHRH-stimulated LH secretion (4), we presumed that either arachidonic acid or one or more of its metabolites of the lipoxygenase or epoxygenase pathways were active in stimulated secretion of LH. The studies reported here suggest that conversion of arachidonic acid to physiologically active metabolites constitutes an essential link in the cascade of intracellular events leading to LHRH-stimulated LH release. 99.9% by gas chromatographic analysis) was added in some cultures to a final concentration of 1 ,uM. The synthetic epoxyicosatrienoic acids (EETs) were pre...

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Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Action in the Pituitary: A Three Step Mechanism*

Cited by 196 publications

References 85 publications

Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide and Its Receptors: 20 Years after the Discovery

Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide and Its Receptors: 20 Years after the Discovery

Internal and external factors controlling reproduction in the African catfish,Clarias gariepinus

Action of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone: involvement of novel arachidonic acid metabolites.

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