Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

Black, Roger L.

doi:10.1093/milmed/146.7.506

Cited by 48 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…The blood-pressure-lowering effect is produced through an action on the CNS. Moreover, the effect on blood pressure is comparable with that of clonidine, an ¬ 2 -adrenergic receptor agonist (Blaschke & Melmon 1980). The mechanism of action of the active compound(s) must still be elucidated.…”

Section: Before Atropinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data are presented as means § s.e.m., nˆ6. by reducing activity of the sympathetic nervous system (Rang et al 1999b;Blaschke & Melmon 1980). The bradycardia produced after application of frII (Tables 2 and 4) indicated that the active compound acts in the CNS.…”

Section: Before Atropinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of frII on the blood pressure resemble the action of clonidine; however, it is not excluded that the effects of frII might be produced by more than one compound. Clonidine has a blood-pressure-lowering effect, through action in the CNS, and a blood-pressure-increasing effect, via ¬-adrenergic receptors in the vessels (Blaschke & Melmon 1980). The investigation of the mechanism of action of active compound(s), as the third part of the classical pharmacological approach, revealed that -adrenergic and ¬adrenergic receptors are not involved.…”

Section: Before Atropinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Medicinal plants in Suriname: hypotensive effect of Gossypium barbadense

Hasrat

Pieters

Vlietinck

2004

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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In traditional medicine Gossypium barbadense L. is used against hypertension. Looking for a scientific basis for this use, the blood-pressure-lowering effect of the decoction of the leaves was confirmed. Fraction II (frII) of the crude extract of G. barbadense showed a dose-dependent hypotensive effect in anaesthetized rats. In hexamethonium-treated rats, the blood-pressure-lowering effect of frII was almost abolished. A small decrease of the blood-pressure-lowering effect was followed by an increase in the blood pressure. Phentolamine antagonized the increase in blood pressure in hexamethoniumtreated rats. High doses of atropine (4 mg/rat) suppressed both depressor and heart effects. In-vitro experiments revealed that atropine did not antagonize the contraction of the ileum of the rat. Tripelennamine in a concentration of 100 microg could not influence the contraction either, whereas 300 microg did. In the guinea-pig ileum 10 microg tripelennamine did not reduce the contraction significantly. In the mechanism of action of frII, acetylcholine receptors could be involved, but not histaminergic or adrenergic receptors. Although it is still not known which compound(s) in G. barbadense is (are) the active substance(s), the results obtained may explain the use of this plant in traditional medicine in Suriname.

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Section: Before Atropinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Before Atropinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Before Atropinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Medicinal plants in Suriname: hypotensive effect of Gossypium barbadense

Hasrat

Pieters

Vlietinck

2004

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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“…The drugs' metabolism and pharmacokinetic properties are altered by substitutions at position 3 of the dihydrothiazine ring. 6 Mechanism of action: Cephalosporins are antibiotics with bactericidal activity. The bacterial cell wall consists of glycopeptide polymers, an N-Acetyl muramic acid and N-Acetyl Glucosamine (NAM-NAG) amino-hexose backbone linked via bridges between amino acid side chains.…”

Section: Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cephalosporins: The Current Scenario and Future Perspectives

Subramanian

Babu²,

Singh³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Bacterial infections are very commonly acquired infections. Cephalosporins are broad-spectrum antibiotics used to manage a wide-variety of infections caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The knowledge of the basic chemistry helps in understanding the pharmacokinetic, antimicrobial and toxicological profiles of cephalosporins. Cephalosporins are antibiotics with bactericidal activity which act by inhibiting the synthesis of cell wall in bacteria. The drugs of this class are classified into five generations in which the antimicrobial spectrum shifts from gram-positive bacteria to gram-negative bacteria with increasing generations of Cephalosporins. Antibiotic-producing bacteria contain a wide range of complex defense mechanisms to protect themselves from their own antibiotics and it results in the development of antibiotic resistance. The various mechanisms by which bacteria develop resistance are: production of β-lactamases, alteration of the porin channels, alteration of molecular structure of transpeptidase, and upregulation of cephalosporin efflux pumps. The new cephalosporins are the foundation for the real warning signs to open up new and interesting possibilities for serious infections in the future thereby ensuring rational selection of antibiotics for various infections.

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“…It is an organic tricyclic molecule, a secondary carboxamide and a difluorobenzene. It is a conjugate acid of a dolutegravir(1-) [44].…”

Section: Fig 6 Chemical Structure Of Doravirinementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation for Estimation of Drugs by Using Hyphenated Techniques and its Applications on Routine Analysis

Jabeen¹,

Haque

2023

ACRI

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Bioanalytical methods are used to create a protocol that can identify and quantify bioactive molecules and their metabolites in human and animal samples. For determining the medication and its metabolites present in human/animal body, the bioanalytical method is efficient. One of the prominent bioanalytical roles is creating new techniques, validating existing processes, and analyzing samples. Most importantly, a compound can be calculated using many methods and can also be detected using various analytical methods. In specific biological samples, the drugs can be evaluated by different extraction procedures, such as solid-phase extraction, liquid extraction, protein precipitation etc.., All the steps in methods were investigated to know how environment, sample, or techniques influence the matrix assessment up to the study's time. The analytical methods, including high-pressure (HPLC), liquid chromatography combined with dual-mass spectroscopy (LCMS-MS), and Ultra-performance extraction (UPLC), can be used to obtain the in-depth analysis of medications. All have their strengths and weaknesses. Currently, bioanalysis is usually done by HPLC-MS and GCMS-MS. Linearity, repeatability, Accuracy, precision, selectivity, recovery and consistency are essential criteria. In this review we proposed to give importance of bioanalytical system production and validation parameters to aid in drug quality, purity, safety and efficacy.

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Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Medicinal plants in Suriname: hypotensive effect of Gossypium barbadense

Medicinal plants in Suriname: hypotensive effect of Gossypium barbadense

Cephalosporins: The Current Scenario and Future Perspectives

A Review on Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation for Estimation of Drugs by Using Hyphenated Techniques and its Applications on Routine Analysis

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