Goos–Hänchen effect in semiconductor metamaterial waveguide and its application as a biosensor

Abstract

shift is of the order of one wavelength, which impedes its direct observation in a single reflection. Recently, the enhancement of GH shift has attracted much attention of researchers and large lateral shift has been realized in different structures for its potential applications in integrated optics, optical storage and optical sensors. Many methods are utilized to realize an enhanced GH effect such as leaky guided mode generation in a thin dielectric layer [3], a Kretschmann configuration with long-range surface plasmon resonance (SPR) [4], magneto-optic enhancement in prism waveguide coupling structure [5] and multilayered waveguide with hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) [6].HMM is a kind of metamaterial [7,8] which have become a topic of significant research interest in recent years [9][10][11]. It is formed by stacks of alternating, subwavelength thin metallic and dielectric layers which can be regarded as an effective uniaxial crystal. HMMs based on semiconductors with InGaAs/AlInAs multilayers show negative refractive index in mid-infrared region [12]. In 2012, Naik et al. [13] proposed a HMM in the near-infrared spectral range at about 1.9 μm using ZnAlO/ZnO. HMMs operating at telecommunication wavelengths using heavily doped ZnGaO as plasmonic component are demonstrated by Kalusniak et al. [14] which have attractive applications in imaging below the diffraction limit with telecommunication light. For simplicity, we call this kind of HMM with ZnGaO/ZnO multilayer as semiconductor metamaterial (SMM).In this paper, we first investigate the GH effect in a prism waveguide coupling structure with SMM and explore its application as a highly sensitive biosensor. Based on simulation results, GH effect in three different waveguides and their performances as a refractive index sensor to detect glycerol concentration in water are analyzed. AbstractWe investigate Goos-Hänchen (GH) effect in a prism waveguide coupling structure with semiconductor metamaterial (SMM) of ZnGaO/ZnO multilayer and explore the possibility as a biosensor. The GH effect in three different waveguides and their performances as a refractive index sensor to detect glycerol concentration in water are analyzed. The SMM brings a periodic property of GH shift peaks which is not found in other waveguides. It is also verified that setting coupling layer of the prism waveguide coupling structure as sensing area is an effective method to significantly increase the sensitivity to refractive index variation. A schematic diagram for the biosensor configuration is designed, and the sensitivity distribution for different glycerol water index is given. Calculation results show that in the proposed biosensor the maximum sensitivity reaches 3.2 × 10 6 μm/RIU and resolution reaches 1.6 × 10 −7 (around 1.33306) with high sensitive position sensitive detector.

Metamaterial enhanced novel plasmonic biosensor for specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein

“…It was firstly observed by Fritz Goos and Hilda Hänchen in 1947 [11] . The shift behavior has been employed and enhanced in various systems, such as waveguide biosensors [12] , beam splitters [13] , graphene-based nanostructures [14] and metamaterials [15] .…”

High-sensitivity Goos-Hänchen shifts sensor in twisted bilayer graphene on hexagonal boron nitride

“…Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift refers to an optical phenomenon in which a lateral displacement occurs when a beam with a finite cross-sectional area is fully reflected at the interface of two media having different refractive indices 1 . With the ability to measure changes in sensitivity under varying refractive indices, sensors utilizing the GH shift have demonstrated promising application prospects in the domains of optics 2 , chemistry 3 , and biomedicine 4 . However, it is worth noting that the GH shift typically occurs at the wavelength of light, and the resultant shift value is small, thereby limiting its practical application 5 .…”

A graphene-based THz metasurface sensor with air-spaced structure

“…Meanwhile, the absorption resonance will be turned on and off due to the change of the material [29][30][31][32]. In addition, nonlinear characteristics can be introduced by integrating semiconductor materials in spacers [33][34][35][36]. Importantly, metamaterial absorbers typically have a higher quality factor than singlelayer metamaterial, making them more suitable for sensing applications.…”