Gordonia defluvii sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from activated sludge foam

Abstract

Three strains of non-motile, Gram-positive, filamentous actinomycetes, isolates J4 T , J5 and J59, initially recognized microscopically in activated sludge foam by their distinctive branching patterns, were isolated by micromanipulation. The taxonomic positions of the isolates were determined using a polyphasic approach. Almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were aligned with corresponding sequences of representatives of the suborder Corynebacterineae and phylogenetic trees were inferred using three tree-making algorithms. The organisms formed a distinct phyletic line in the Gordonia 16S rRNA gene tree. The three isolates showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities within the range 96?9-97?2 % with their nearest phylogenetic neighbours, namely Gordonia bronchialis DSM 43247 T and Gordonia terrae DSM 43249T was shown to have a chemotaxonomic profile typical of the genus Gordonia and was readily distinguished from representatives of the genus on the basis of Curie-point pyrolysis mass spectrometric data. The isolates shared nearly identical phenotypic profiles that distinguished them from representatives of the most closely related Gordonia species. It is evident from the genotypic and phenotypic data that the three isolates belong to a novel Gordonia species. The name proposed for this taxon is Gordonia defluvii sp. nov.; the type strain is J4Most activated sludge systems suffer intermittently from the serious operational disorder known as foaming or scumming, whereby a stable foam or scum develops on the surface of aeration tanks (Soddell, 1999 et al., 2003, 2004). However, it is clear that many additional mycolic acidcontaining taxa associated with foam need to be formally described (Soddell & Seviour, 1998;Stainsby et al., 2002). Such studies are important, as attempts to control the appearance and persistence of foams are unlikely to succeed until the taxonomic diversity and functional roles of the causal organisms are understood (Goodfellow et al., 1996(Goodfellow et al., , 1998Stainsby et al., 2002).Three isolates with a cellular morphology intermediate between the right-angled branching pattern typical of G. amarae Klatte et al. 1994 and the 'pine-tree-like' morphotype of Skermania piniformis Chun et al. 1997 were isolated, by micromanipulation, in Australia from activated sludge foams at Brimbank Park, Victoria (isolates J4 T and J5) and Craigieburn, Victoria (isolate J59), as described by Soddell & Seviour (1998). These authors considered that the strains might form a novel species on the basis of an extensive numerical taxonomic survey of Skermania and related strains, a proposition underpinned by the results of the present investigation.3Present address:

Marine Oil-Degrading Microorganisms and Biodegradation Process of Petroleum Hydrocarbon in Marine Environments: A Review

“…In addition, some species of Fungus including Aspergillus, Mucor, Fusarium, and Penicilium are also petroleum degradation microorganism. Gordonia is widely distributed in land, coastal, and ocean environments, and could degrade various environmental pollutants, including benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and so on [54,67]. Different types of oil-degrading microorganisms are shown in Table 1.…”

Foaming Phenomenon in Bench‐Scale Anaerobic Digesters

“…Activated sludge samples from wastewater treatment plants with foaming issues normally contain multiple different filamentous organisms (Jenkins et al 2003). These filamentous organisms are generally bacteria, fungi, or algae whose cells do not become detached from each other after cell division and therefore grow in the form of filaments (Seviour and Nielsen 2010 et al 2003), and Millisia (Soddell et al 2006). Mycolic acid is a high molecular weight 3-hydroxy fatty acids with a long alkyl branch in the 2-postion, located on the cell wall of these organisms (Stratton et al 1998).…”

Gordonia cholesterolivorans sp. nov., a cholesterol-degrading actinomycete isolated from sewage sludge

“…In contrast to G. sihwensis DSM 44576 T , it is very interesting that strain Chol-3 T is a foam-producing bacterium when grown in rich media, a characteristic that is well-known for G. amarae (Iwahori et al, 2001;Pagilla et al, 2002;Carr et al, 2006) and that has also recently been found for Gordonia defluvii and other Gordonia species (Soddell et al, 2006;Shen et al, 2007). More differences between strain Chol-3 T and G. sihwensis can also be found in colony colour and form.…”

“…Gordoniae appear to be widely distributed in nature and strains have been isolated from environments such as soil, wastewater, estuary sand, mangrove rhizosphere, oilproducing wells and activated sludge foam (Takeuchi & Hatano, 1998;Kummer et al, 1999;Kim et al, 2003;Maldonado et al, 2003;Xue et al, 2003;Shen et al, 2006;Soddell et al, 2006;Luo et al, 2007;Le Roes et al, 2008), as well as from clinical samples (Iida et al, 2005;Kageyama et al, 2006;Blaschke et al, 2007).…”