Gost project on goat skins

Abstract

Проект государственного стандарта на козьи шкуры РЕЗЮМЕВ настоящее время существует межгосударственный стандарт на овечьи шкуры (ГОСТ 28425-90), однако аналогичного стандарта на козьи шкуры нет. Это создает определенные трудности при заготовках. В некоторых случаях при оценке кожевенной продуктивности козлин можно руководствоваться ГОСТом 28425-90 «Сырье кожевенное» который распространяется на шкуры крупного рогатого скота, буйволов, яков, лосей, лошадей, верблюдов, ослов, мулов, домашних свиней (кроме хряков), а также домашних и диких коз площадью 24 м 2 и более, предназначенные для переработки в кожевенной промышленности. Однако этот стандарт не учитывает меховую и шубную продуктивность. Кроме того, одним из недостатков этого стандарта является то, что козлины величиной более 24 дм 2 относятся к I группе, а требования к 2, 3, и 4 группам в отличие от шкур других видов животных отсутствуют. С учетом вышесказанного разработан проект стандарта на козьи шкуры с предварительным названием «Козлины не выделанные. Технические условия.

Landmark native breed of the Orenburg goats: progress in its breeding and genetics and future prospects

“…The growth of down-hair goat breeding here was closely connected with the old folk home-made down-knitting matier. It originated in the Orenburg region more than 200 years ago, but at first the craftswomen worked on imported raw materials [16]. Gradually, the local Cossack population began to breed Asian goats on their farms.…”

“…The first goat-breeding state farm in the Orenburg Oblast was organized in 1932 in the floodplain of the Guberli River, on the southern spurs of the Ural Mountains. The herd was improved by purebred breeding, when selection was targeted at animals with a fine dark gray coat [16,20,21]. The second stage of breeding began in 1937-1938, when, on the initiative of the All-Union Research Institute of Sheep and Goat Breeding (VNIIOK), 279 males and 361 females of the Don breed were brought to the Orenburg Oblast and distributed in 15 districts where developed down-hair goat breeding existed.…”

“…VNIIOK has been primarily in charge of breeding work with Orenburg goats since 1938 [1], when 32 Don males of one and a half years old were brought to the Guberlinsky State Farm. Of these, 13 sires were assigned to the first category with greater live weight and down hair yield and 19 males were attributed to the second category with lower performance, while an average live weight was 36 kg (in the range of 29 to 43 kg) and yield of down hair 300 to 780 g [16]. For mating, two flocks of goats with a fleece of 150-200 g per individual were selected.…”

“…For example, the weight of Orenburg females reaches 44-46 kg in autumn and 36-38 kg in spring, that of males being 70-75 and 55-65 kg, respectively. That is, the live weight of goats in spring is 10-15 kg lower than that in autumn [3,16]. Animals at birth weigh an average of 2.6 kg, at 5 months of age 17.5 kg, at 1.5 years 29.4 kg, at 2.5 years 36.3 kg, at 4.5 years 45.7 kg, and at 6 years old 48.9 kg.…”

“…Most often, twins and triplets appear in goats under the age of 6-7 years (50-65%). From the age of 7, as a rule, multiple pregnancy decreases, but in some animals it persists up to 8-10 years [3,16]. Orenburg goats have a relatively lower milk production.…”