Got Hybridization? A Multidisciplinary Approach for Informing Science Policy

Ellstrand, Norman C.; Biggs, David T.; Kaus, Andrea; Lubinsky, Pesach; McDade, Lucinda A.; Preston, Kristine L.; Prince, Linda M.; Regan, Helen M.; Rorive, Veronique M.; Ryder, Oliver A.; Schierenbeck, Kristina A.

doi:10.1525/bio.2010.60.5.8

Cited by 40 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Hybridization can cause loss of the unique genetic constitution of taxa (Rhymer & Simberloff, 1996;Allendorf et al, 2001) but there needs to be a discussion about the circumstances under which it ceases to be an undesirable process (Ellstrand et al, 2010). For instance, some argue that hybrids should be considered acceptable if ecological function is maintained (Daniels & Corbett, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Did hybridization save the Norfolk Island boobook owlNinox novaeseelandiae undulata?

Garnett

Olsen

Butchart

et al. 2011

Oryx

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The population of the Norfolk Island boobook owl Ninox novaeseelandiae undulata, a nocturnal bird restricted to the Australian territory of Norfolk Island, was reduced to a single female in 1986. Deliberate introduction of two males of its nearest relative, the New Zealand boobook N. n. novaeseelandiae, as a conservation intervention has allowed the taxon to persist on Norfolk Island, albeit in hybrid form. Although declared Extinct in 2000, a re-examination of this unique situation has concluded there is a strong argument that the taxon should be categorized as Critically Endangered because, on average, approximately half the nuclear genome of the original taxon and all the mitochondrial DNA is conserved in all living owls on the island. This thus represents a special case in which the taxon can be considered to be extant, in hybrid form, even though no pure-bred individuals survive. More generally, we suggest that, in exceptional cases, hybridization may not be a threat to highly threatened species and that guidelines are needed to determine when to consider hybrid populations as extant forms of the original taxon, and when to declare extinction through hybridization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Did hybridization save the Norfolk Island boobook owlNinox novaeseelandiae undulata?

Garnett

Olsen

Butchart

et al. 2011

Oryx

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“…In either case, greater understanding of the biology of rare species will be important to assess the potential for exotic gene flow and the risks this poses in order to develop strategies to ensure their survival under changing landscape and climatic conditions. However, with long-lived organisms such as forest trees, a full appreciation of the risks from exotic hybridisation will require long-term monitoring which is needed to inform adaptive management strategies that integrate both biological and societal considerations (Kramer and Havens, 2009;Ellstrand et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hybridisation between species or between naturally allopatric populations is now recognised as being an important contributor to the evolution (Abbott et al, 2003;Ellstrand and Schierenbeck, 2000) and invasion (Ellstrand et al, 2010;Gaskin and Schaal, 2002;Vila et al, 2000) of many exotic plant species. Movement of pollen and its potential genetic and ecological consequences became a public concern following the deployment of genetically modified (GM) crops, as escapes of transgenes into non-transgenic populations were reported (Stewart et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential for gene flow from exotic eucalypt plantations into Australia's rare native eucalypts

Barbour

Wise

Vaillancourt

et al. 2010

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…The FWS proposed an official hybrid policy in the 1990s that was not completely adopted, in part because of controversy over protecting hybrids and the challenge of making the policy flexible enough to include the risks and benefits of hybridization (Allendorf et al 2001;Ellstrand et al 2010).…”

Section: Us Regulations Of Endangered Plant Commercementioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial trade of federally listed threatened and endangered plants in the United States

Shirey

Kunycky

Chaloner

et al. 2013

Conservation Letters

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The commercial trade of propagated listed plants is a common but controversial ex situ conservation approach for rare plant species. We investigated the Internet trade of plants protected under the U.S. Endangered Species Act to determine their availability for interstate (i.e., regulated) commerce. We identified 49 listed plant species that were available via the Internet, with less than 10% of vendors having obtained the required federal permit. The lack of permits among vendors suggests that sellers are unaware or ignore regulations. Illegal trade undermines both the permitting process and conservation efforts of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to ensure that commercial propagation aids the long-term survival of listed species. Furthermore, in addition to supplying a demand for plant collections and landscaping, commercial trade could provide a source of plants for deliberate species introductions, including assisted colonization-a debated conservation strategy that involves moving species to new environments to mitigate for habitat loss and climate change. Given the potential costs and benefits associated with trade, the challenges suggest that a collaborative approach between agencies, nurseries, and plant collectors is needed to regulate the trade of listed plants. In regulating commercial trade, policymakers and conservation biologists may want to consider potential risks and benefits of private efforts to recover species.

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Got Hybridization? A Multidisciplinary Approach for Informing Science Policy

Cited by 40 publications

References 22 publications

Did hybridization save the Norfolk Island boobook owlNinox novaeseelandiae undulata?

Did hybridization save the Norfolk Island boobook owlNinox novaeseelandiae undulata?

The potential for gene flow from exotic eucalypt plantations into Australia's rare native eucalypts

Commercial trade of federally listed threatened and endangered plants in the United States

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