Governance of Nanotechnology: Context, Principles and Challenges

Hankin, Steve; Read, Sheona A.K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32392-3_3

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The results are in unison with multiple reports in the literature, as eluded to earlier on, in the complexity of nanoparticle release data from the nanoparticle fillers. A noteworthy observation by Hankin and Read [55], appropriate to the findings within this study, however relating to the current knowledge of risks associated with nanotechnology, noted that "research conducted to date has shown the potential risks of nanotechnologies to be associated with a high degree of complexity and uncertainty, with no clear-cut cause-and-effect relationship".…”

Section: Influence Of Fillermentioning

confidence: 67%

The Influence of Graphene Oxide on Nanoparticle Emissions during Drilling of Graphene/Epoxy Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Engineered Nanomaterials

Starost

Njuguna

2020

Atmosphere

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Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles are increasingly being used to tailor industrial composites. However, despite the advantages, GO has shown conceivable health risks and toxicity to humans and the environment if released. This study investigates the influence that GO concentrations have on nanoparticle emissions from epoxy-reinforced carbon fiber hybrid composites (EP/CF) during a lifecycle scenario, that is, a drilling process. The mechanical properties are investigated and an automated drilling methodology in which the background noise is eliminated is used for the nanoparticle emissions measurements. Real-time measurements are collected using a condensation particle counter (CPC), a scanning mobility particle sizer spectrometer (SMPS), a real-time fast mobility particle spectrometer (DMS50) and post-test analytical methods. The results observe that all three nanoparticle reinforced samples demonstrated a statistically significant difference of up to a 243% increase in mean peak particle number concentration in comparison to the EP/CF sample. The results offer a novel set of data comparing the nanoparticle release of GO with varying filler weight concentration and correlating it the mechanical influence of the fillers. The results show that the release characteristics and the influence in particle number concentration are primarily dependent on the matrix brittleness and not necessarily the filler weight concentration within the nanocomposite.

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Section: Influence Of Fillermentioning

confidence: 67%

The Influence of Graphene Oxide on Nanoparticle Emissions during Drilling of Graphene/Epoxy Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Engineered Nanomaterials

Starost

Njuguna

2020

Atmosphere

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“…Therefore, the difficult challenge for science and technology policy is supporting nanotechnology innovation, while also considering its potential negative implications. This task is further complicated by the high degree of uncertainty that still surrounds nanotechnology and connected environmental, health, social and economic outcomes, as well as how those outcomes will be distributed within and between countries (Hankin and Read 2016). These could give rise to a "nano-divide" (Moore 2002;The Royal Society 2004), a term that alludes to the division of global society into individuals, groups or countries who will be advantaged or disadvantaged as a result of unequal access to nanotechnologies, as well as unequal opportunities to participate in research, development, and innovation (UNESCO 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who profits from the Canadian nanotechnology reward system? Implications for gender-responsible innovation

et al. 2021

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Gender equality is one of the primary dimensions of responsible research and innovation. Based on bibliometric and survey data of nanotechnology researchers in Canada, this paper analyzes the reward system of science in terms of gender and gender-related institutional cultures. This study reveals that the scientific culture of nanotechnology was perceived as more masculine by women than by men. The findings show that gender productivity gaps remain a challenge in the field and that these gaps are reinforced by the fact that the most productive researchers are less likely to collaborate with women. The results also show the amount of extra effort that women must devote to their research to retain their top status in academia, and the extent that their recognition when in top positions is fragile compared to men. This study confirms the cumulative advantage of creating a gender-inclusive culture that enables women to improve their scientific productivity and impact: such cultures tend to privilege first-author publications over patenting and thus prioritize a type of output where women have had more success. Finally, this paper concludes with policy recommendations for improving the number of women in research and the institutions where they work.

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“…5 One bottleneck that hinders the safe and sustainable development of nano-innovations in various industrial sectors is that nano-specific legislative measures at the EU level are currently vague; while a decade of research in nanotoxicology has failed to identify specific modes of action for nanomaterial toxicity, 6 the regulatory framework has been growing disorderly, creating an uncertain environment for industry. 7,8 In the European Union, NMs are considered as a chemical substance and therefore fall in the existing regulatory framework of regulation 1907/ 2006 1 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). Since REACH does not explicitly integrate provisions regarding NMs, they are bound to registration like other substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A methodology on how to create a real-life relevant risk profile for a given nanomaterial

Schimpel¹,

Resch²,

Flament³

et al. 2018

J. Chem. Health Saf.

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Please cite this article in press as: Schimpel, C. et al1., A methodology on how to create a real-life relevant risk profile for a given nanomaterial. J. Chem. Health Safety (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchas.2017.06.002 RESEARCH ARTICLEA methodology on how to create a real-life relevant risk profile for a given nanomaterial With large amounts of nanotoxicology studies delivering contradicting results and a complex, moving regulatory framework, potential risks surrounding nanotechnology appear complex and confusing. Many researchers and workers in different sectors are dealing with nanomaterials on a day-to-day basis, and have a requirement to define their assessment/management needs. This paper describes an industry-tailored strategy for risk assessment of nanomaterials and nano-enabled products, which builds on recent research outcomes. The approach focuses on the creation of a risk profile for a given nanomaterial (e.g., determine which materials and/or process operation pose greater risk, where these risks occur in the lifecycle, and the impact of these risks on society), using state-of-the-art safety assessment approaches/tools (ECETOC TRA, Stoffenmanager Nano and ISO/TS 12901-2:2014). The developed nanosafety strategy takes into account cross-sectoral industrial needs and includes (i) Information Gathering: Identification of nanomaterials and hazards by a demand-driven questionnaire and on-site company visits in the context of human and ecosystem exposures, considering all companies/parties/downstream users involved along the value chain; (ii) Hazard Assessment: Collection of all relevant and available information on the intrinsic properties of the substance (e.g., peer reviewed (eco)toxicological data, material safety data sheets), as well as identification of actual recommendations and benchmark limits for the different nano-objects in the scope of this projects; (iii) Exposure Assessment: Definition of industry-specific and application-specific exposure scenarios taking into account operational conditions and risk management measures; (iv) Risk Characterisation: Classification of the risk potential by making use of exposure estimation models (i.e., comparing estimated exposure levels with threshold levels); (v) Refined Risk Characterisation and Exposure Monitoring: Selection of individual exposure scenarios for exposure monitoring following the OECD Harmonized Tiered Approach to refine risk assessment; (vi) Risk Mitigation Strategies: Development of risk mitigation actions focusing on risk prevention.

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Governance of Nanotechnology: Context, Principles and Challenges

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

The Influence of Graphene Oxide on Nanoparticle Emissions during Drilling of Graphene/Epoxy Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Engineered Nanomaterials

The Influence of Graphene Oxide on Nanoparticle Emissions during Drilling of Graphene/Epoxy Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Engineered Nanomaterials

Who profits from the Canadian nanotechnology reward system? Implications for gender-responsible innovation

A methodology on how to create a real-life relevant risk profile for a given nanomaterial

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