Governing relations between people and things: Citizenship, territory, and the political economy of petroleum in Ecuador

Valdivia, Gabriela

doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2008.03.007

Cited by 133 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In the case of Combayo, exploring the material effects of mining can reveal the dynamic force of “things” such as water, climate, pollution, and other elements of the environment—and the relationships they engender. Gabriela Valdivia suggests that in the context of oil extraction, “material aspects of nature can shape, encourage, or constrain social action … setting obstacles, opportunities and surprises in processes of resource appropriation and governance” (:459). Valdivia also argues that the material qualities of petroleum (from the location of pipelines to properties such as viscosity) can shape people's sense of identity and citizenship and influence political mobilizations .…”

Section: Water and The Making Of A Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Defense of Water: Modern Mining, Grassroots Movements, and Corporate Strategies in Peru

2016

J Latin Amer Carib Anth

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R e s u m e nEste artículo explora porqué el agua se ha convertido en un tema central de las controversias mineras recientes, centrándose en un conflicto entre la empresa minera Yanacocha y la comunidad de Combayo, en la sierra norte del Perú. En las protestas de 2006, los campesinos argumentaron que su lucha era por la protección de los recursos hídricos ante la expansión de la minería. La empresa trató de desacreditar estas quejas al arguir que las protestas comenzaron como una demanda por contratos de trabajo y proyectos de desarrollo. Esta separación entre el empleo y el agua, esconde cómo las tecnologías de la minería moderna transforman el paisaje, a la vez que introduce cambios en las prácticas corporativas de la empresa y medidas de acción política en respuesta a la actividad minera. Este artículo examina el papel del agua tanto en la movilización de manifestantes, la reconfiguración de las alianzas políticas existentes y, al propiciar un acuerdo que reduce el alcance del conflicto que da paso a argumentos técnicos sobre la calidad y cantidad de agua, la promesa de empleos, y un estudio hidrológico. [ecología, medio ambiente, movimientos sociales, Perú] A b s t r a c tThis article explores why water is at the center of recent mining controversies in Peru. It explores a conflict between the Yanacocha Mining Company and the community of Combayo in the Northern Highlands. In protests in 2006, campesinos stated that their struggle was over the protection of water resources from mining expansion; the company sought to discredit their claims, suggesting that the protests began as a demand for employment contracts and development projects. The superficial distinction between jobs and water obscures the ways in which modern mining technologies transform the landscape, thus changing both corporate practices and forms of political action

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Section: Water and The Making Of A Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Defense of Water: Modern Mining, Grassroots Movements, and Corporate Strategies in Peru

2016

J Latin Amer Carib Anth

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“…Foucault emphasizes the way governmentality seeks to achieve the proper alignment of “men in their relations with … customs, habits, ways of acting and thinking … [T]o govern, then, means to govern things” (Foucault :93–94). For instance, in her analysis of oil politics in Ecuador, Valdivia (:473) employs a governmentality lens to examine the “conjunctural nature of how petroleum's government has become a mode of regulation of social life among specific sectors of Ecuadorian civil society.” Through the specificities of its political economy, its spatial character, and its role in articulating citizen identities with the territorial nature of the nation state, petroleum mediates the social and political life of the Ecuadorian nation and its citizens. In similar fashion, the institutional configurations, social practices, and epistemologies involved in the governance of mineral extraction and associated environmental degradation mediate social relations and political practice in Bolivia.…”

Section: Governing Environments Governing Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performing Participation: Mining, Power, and the Limits of Public Consultation in Bolivia

Perreault

2015

J Latin Amer Carib Anth

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R e s u m e nLos mecanismos de consulta, particularmente aquellos dirigidos a los pueblos indígenas y campesinos, han sido promovidos por instituciones internacionales e incorporados a la normativa legal a lo largo de América Latina. En Bolivia, la consulta ha sido codificada legalmente desde 1991 y ha sido integrada a la normativa que gobierna la extracción minera y de hidrocarburos, así como a la Constitución Nacional de 2009 sólo recientemente. A pesar de ser un requisito legal, la consulta no se implementa con regularidad y tampoco es vinculante en términos jurídicos. Como resultado, ni las empresas privadas ni el estado están obligadas a cumplir las recomendaciones comunitarias. Asimismo, las comunidades no tienen derecho a frenar los proyectos a los que se oponen. Este artículo examina la consulta pública comunitaria en el sector minero de Bolivia. Basado en investigación etnográfica en el departamento boliviano de Oruro, propongo que los procesos de consulta pública son gestionados con fruición y circunscribiendo las opiniones emitidas a nivel local. En vez de fomentar la participación en la gobernanza de recursos naturales por parte de las poblaciones afectadas por la minería, la consulta pública circunscribe y despolitiza las relaciones sociales desiguales e injustas, con el fin de legitimar actividades extractivas. [Bolivia, minería, consulta pública, consulta previa, desarrollo participativa] A b s t r a c t

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“…The turn of the millennium meant a number of changes for energy maps in both content and technique. Although maps of North America and Western Europe still dominate, new efforts have been devoted to energy in Latin America and post‐Soviet states (Valdivia ). Furthermore, energy research has begun to examine more social issues surrounding energy access and consumption, especially “energy poverty” (for example, Buckley and others ; Taylor ; Buzar , ; Illsley and others ; Pflieger and Mathiessent ).…”

Section: Review Of Energy Cartographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Energy: Cartographies of Energy Into The Twenty‐First Century

Howell

Baylis

2014

Geographical Review

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“Energy” presents a number of complex and interrelated challenges regarding the environment, economy, and politics. In this paper, we argue that cartography should help clarify our understanding of energy issues, but ask whether this has in fact been the case. In a review of over 100 articles pulled from twenty‐three peer‐reviewed geography journals, we qualitatively assess energy maps published since the early 20th century, examining trends in topic and cartographic technique. Energy maps in geography journals have focused on North America and Western Europe while relying on proportional symbols, grayscale production, and the analysis of energy phenomena at the national scale—tendencies that in many instances have limited our understanding of the ways in which energy is actually consumed. Simultaneously, cartographers are limited to the energy data available to them, frequently precluding small‐scale consumption analysis or consideration of diurnal and seasonal trends. We argue that the future of energy cartography relies on access to consumption data coupled with greater user interactivity.

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Governing relations between people and things: Citizenship, territory, and the political economy of petroleum in Ecuador

Cited by 133 publications

References 30 publications

In Defense of Water: Modern Mining, Grassroots Movements, and Corporate Strategies in Peru

In Defense of Water: Modern Mining, Grassroots Movements, and Corporate Strategies in Peru

Performing Participation: Mining, Power, and the Limits of Public Consultation in Bolivia

Mapping Energy: Cartographies of Energy Into The Twenty‐First Century

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