Government programs and the growth of high-technology industries

Schnee, Jerome

doi:10.1016/0048-7333(78)90026-4

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Apparently, only a massive government intervention stirred firms to the point where they pursued the technology on their own (Schnee, 1978).1 This claim is supported by the observation that European firms, the equal of American firms in electronics components before the transistor, never recovered from the fact that they were not equally prodded by government support.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Firms' choice of R&D intensity in the presence of aggregate increasing returns to scale

Fölster

1990

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Firms' choice of R&D intensity in the presence of aggregate increasing returns to scale

Fölster

1990

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

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“…For instance, Schnee (1978) has suggested that federal government policies and funding of research and development in electronics, computer, and aerospace industries have provided greater growth in these industries than would have been the case without federal defense and space programs (i.e., federal funding of research and development is central to the creation and maintenance of regional pools of technical labor). This advantage over time (coupled with the existing agglomeration of similar industries) can be critical to economic growth of regions (Clark, 1972;Freeman, 1974).…”

Section: Previous Studies Of Economic Factors Influencing Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They consider the creation of new firms to be the major force in urban growth. Early studies on the formation of new technology-based firms have been largely in the context of technical research-oriented companies which literally spin off from large complexes of government laboratories, federal defense and space programs, and local technical-oriented universities (Shapero, Howell, and Tombaugh, 1964;Deutermann, 1966;Roberts, 1970;Cooper, 1971;Schnee, 1978). Deutermann (1966) suggests that there are three basic requirements for starting a science-based company, namely:…”

Section: What Is High Technology?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other researchers suggest that federal R&D facilities are not major sources of startups (Shapero, 1971;Cooper, 1971). Schnee (1978) suggests, however, that federal funding of R&D in the electronics, computer, and aerospace industries has provided greater growth in these industries than would have been the case without federal defense and space programs. Shapero (1972) suggests that favorable local conditions are more influential than are university incubators to start-ups of high-technology firms.…”

Section: What Is High Technology?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Formation and Expansion of High Technology Firms in Metropolitan Areas

Orjiako¹

2000

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represent a growth pressure on the housing supply due to job location. Furthermore, from the results presented in this study, factors such as venture capital, industrial incentives, amenities, and transportation accessibility were found to have very low or negligible association with the growth rate of high-technology firms. Other location factors, such as taxes, were negatively related. The research findings of this study tended not to support the product cycle model. On the basis of these findings, the present research suggests caution in using the product cycle model for interpreting and explaining the development of high-technology complexes. This study concludes that there may be a need to incorporate market, time. and placeoriented concept to future study that will contribute more to the understanding of hightechnology development so that communities seeking to attract high-technology firms can understand the stages of a company's growth, the products it makes, the type of work force it employs, and the attributes of the area. CHAPTER I high-technology firms, while others try to encourage new business start-ups through local innovation and business developments. Little consideration, however, has been given to the feasibility of this policy as it relates to the. plant and job creation potential of high-, technology firms and their locational characteristics. The objective of this research is to examine and analyze attributes of the regional economy that contribute to the start-up, closure, expansion, contraction, and net change of high-technology activity. It is hypothesized that the forces determining the birth rates of new firms are different from forces determining whether existing firms expand, contract, or close. This research utilizes the product life cycle theory and locational attributes of areas to identify characteristics associated with growth patterns of high-technology firms. This study postulates that from 1976 to 1984 the formation, expansion, contraction, closures, and net changes in the number of high-technology firms in 100 large U.S. metropolitan areas were related to some or all of the following variables: high-technology employment as a percent of total metropolitan employment, total employment, the number of venture capital firms, research and development expenditure as a percentage of sales, housing costs, tax effort (ratio of per capita taxes to per capita income), state corporate tax rates, average manufacturing wage rate, amount of industrial incentives, air transportation access, climate, effective property tax rates, and presence or absence of a unitary tax. It is further hypothesized that these relationships have not remained stable through time because these processes are subject to different forces such as competition and economic conditions. A descriptive analysis of the geographic variations in dependent variables, and tests of significance to determine if there are differences in values among U.S. census regions, were done. Petroleum refining Ordnance and accessories Engine...

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Measuring the costs of photovoltaics in an electric utility planning framework

Awerbuch

1993

Progress in Photovoltaics

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Utility planning models evaluate alternative generating options using the revenue requirements method—an engineering‐oriented, discounted cash‐flow (DCF) methodology that has been widely used for over three decades. Discounted cash‐flow techniques were conceived in the context of active expense‐intensive technologies, such as conventional, fuel‐intensive power generation. Photovoltaic (PV) technology, by contrast, is passive and capital intensive—attributes that are similar to those of other new process technolgies, such as computer‐integrated manufacturing. Discounted cash‐flow techniques have a dismal record for correctly valuing new technologies with these attributes, in part because their benefits cannot be easily measured using tradiational accounting concepts. This paper examines how these issues affect cost measurement in both conventional and PV‐based electricity, and presents kWh‐cost estimates for three technologies (coal, gas and PV) using risk‐adjusted approaches, which suggest that PV costs are generally equivalent to the gas/combined cycle and about twice the cost of base‐load coal (environmental externalities are ignored). Finally, the paper evaluates independent power purchases for a typical US utility and finds that in such a setting the cost of PV‐based power is comparable to the firm's published avoided costs.

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Government programs and the growth of high-technology industries

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

Firms' choice of R&D intensity in the presence of aggregate increasing returns to scale

Firms' choice of R&D intensity in the presence of aggregate increasing returns to scale

The Formation and Expansion of High Technology Firms in Metropolitan Areas

Measuring the costs of photovoltaics in an electric utility planning framework

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