GPR resolution in cultural heritage applications

Pérez-Gracia, Vega; Capua, D. Di; González-Drigo, Ramón; Caselles, O.; Pujades, L. G.; Salinas, Víctor Fernández

doi:10.1109/icgpr.2010.5550199

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Spatial resolution depends on the characteristics of the radar signal, the survey, the electromagnetic (EM) properties of the studied medium, and the distance of the antenna to the target. The frequencies, the number of scans over the target, and the spatial antenna beam pattern are the features defining the radar signal and the survey [5]. The resolution of subsurface features is partly affected by antenna wavelength, which is also directly related to the frequency for higher frequency radar, providing higher resolution than a lower frequency radar [2,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling and Simulation Resolution of Ground-Penetrating Radar Antennas

Alsharahi¹,

Mostapha²,

Faize³

et al. 2016

Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science

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The problem of resolution in antenna ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is very important for the investigation and detection of buried targets. We should solve this problem with software or a numeric method. The purposes of this paper are the modelling and simulation resolution of antenna radar GPR using three antennas, arrays (as in the software REFLEXW), the antenna dipole (as in GprMax2D), and a bow-tie antenna (as in the experimental results). The numeric code has been developed for study resolution antennas by scattered electric fields in mode B-scan. Three frequency antennas (500, 800, and 1,000 MHz) have been used in this work. The simulation results were compared with experimental results obtained by Rial and colleagues under the same conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling and Simulation Resolution of Ground-Penetrating Radar Antennas

Alsharahi¹,

Mostapha²,

Faize³

et al. 2016

Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science

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“…For the same profile, high‐frequency antennas provide greater resolution and less penetration depth than low‐frequency antennas (Jol ). The vertical resolution of an antenna is usually approximated as

λ / 4

, where

λ = c / f

is the wavelength of the electromagnetic signal, c is the speed of light in the medium, and f is the frequency emitted by the antenna in hertz (Pérez‐Gracia, Di Capua and González‐Drigo ). A RAMAC/GPR model Pro‐Ex system made by Mala Geoscience (http://www.malags.com/home) was used in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the sedimentary fabrics in ornamental rocks by using GPR

Rey

Martínez

Montiel

et al. 2017

Near Surface Geophysics

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In this study, the use of ground-penetrating radar for characterising ornamental sedimentary rocks was tested. Specifically, the ability of this non-invasive geophysical prospecting method to identify fabrics and textures in rocks was investigated. Blocks mined from quarries were analysed, and ornamental rocks with the same lithologies as other widely utilised ornamental rocks with a variety of sedimentary fabrics and textures were selected. Rocks with clastic brechoid, cross-laminated sparitic, massive or layered micritic, and laminar bindstone textures were analysed. Antennas that provided the maximum detail and a sufficient depth of penetration were used. The low electrical conductivity of carbonates permitted the use of high-frequency antennas (800 MHz and 1.6 GHz), which were useful in studying the entire thickness of a boulder (up to 2 m).The cross-laminations in the oolitic limestones, the laminar bindstones of travertines, the differentiation between massive and brecciated fabrics, and the massive and slaty fabrics of the micritic limestones were examined using these two frequencies. In micritic textures without discontinuities (neither sedimentary nor diagenetic), the radargrams could detect facies with few reflections (Crema Marfil). In addition to analysing fabrics and textures, the ground-penetrating radar measurements could identify anisotropy in these rocks, which makes ground-penetrating radar an effective tool for evaluating the mechanical state of a boulder prior to its cutting. stratifications in dunes (Gómez-Ortiz et al. used GPR to detect fractures in carbonate quarries in Greece, Turkey, and Spain, respectively.However, few researchers have attempted to determine the lithology of a rock using GPR. Even fewer researchers have attempted to use GPR to characterise sedimentary textures. Sigurdsson and Overgaard (1998) studied limestone quarries to characterise textural variations between a bryozoan limestone and a coral limestone.In this study, we assess GPR as a non-invasive prospecting method for analysing carbonate rocks and identifying the presence of characteristic fabrics and sedimentary textures. Because of the importance of rocks as construction materials, this study focuses on the lithologies that are most common in ornamental rocks.

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“…(4) Choosing an appropriate distance between adjacent acquisition lines (profile spacing, PS). PS plays a decisive role in GPR archaeological prospection [43]. A denser profile spacing yields better horizontal resolution, higher quality of horizontal slice images and easier data interpretation-but is time consuming, hence expensive.…”

Section: Survey Planning and Data Acquisition Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A denser profile spacing yields better horizontal resolution, higher quality of horizontal slice images and easier data interpretation-but is time consuming, hence expensive. Obviously, it is not realistic to acquire infinitely dense GPR profiles and in practice it is always necessary to balance between survey resolution and its cost; interpolation techniques are widely used to fill data gaps between adjacent profiles [43]. In some cases, different PS values may be chosen along different grid axes.…”

Section: Survey Planning and Data Acquisition Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Ground Penetrating Radar to Reveal Hidden Archaeology: The Case Study of the Württemberg-Stambol Gate in Belgrade (Serbia)

Ristić

Govedarica

Pajewski

et al. 2020

Sensors

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This paper presents the results of a research study where ground penetrating radar (GPR) was successfully used to reveal the remains of the Württemberg-Stambol Gate in the subsurface of Republic Square, in Belgrade, Serbia. GPR investigations were carried out in the context of renovation works in the square, which involved rearranging traffic control, expanding the pedestrian zone, renewing the surface layer, and valorising existing archaeological structures. The presence of the gate remains was suggested by historical documents and information from previous restoration works. A pulsed radar unit was used for the survey, with antennas having 200- and 400-MHz central frequencies. Data were recorded over a grid and two three-dimensional models were built, one for each set of antennas. The grid was the same for both sets of antennas, therefore the two models could be compared. Several horizontal cross sections of the models were plotted, corresponding to different depths; these images were carefully examined and interpreted, paying particular attention to signatures that could originate from the sought archaeological structures. Reflections coming from the gate remains were identified in both models, in the same region of the survey area and at the same depth; the geometry, size, and layout of the gate columns, as well as of other construction elements belonging to the gate, were determined with very good accuracy. Based on the GPR findings, archaeological excavation works were carried out in the region where the foundation remains were estimated to be. The presence of the remains was confirmed, with various columns and side walls. This case study demonstrates and further corroborates the effectiveness and reliability of GPR for the non-invasive prospection of archaeological structures hidden in the heterogeneous subsurface of urban environments. In the opinion of the authors, GPR should be incorporated as a routine field procedure in construction and renovation projects involving historical cities.

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GPR resolution in cultural heritage applications

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Modelling and Simulation Resolution of Ground-Penetrating Radar Antennas

Modelling and Simulation Resolution of Ground-Penetrating Radar Antennas

Characterization of the sedimentary fabrics in ornamental rocks by using GPR

Using Ground Penetrating Radar to Reveal Hidden Archaeology: The Case Study of the Württemberg-Stambol Gate in Belgrade (Serbia)

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