GPS + Galileo + BeiDou precise point positioning with triple-frequency ambiguity resolution

Pan, Li; Jiang, Xinyuan; Zhang, Xiaohong; Ge, Maorong; Schuh, Harald

doi:10.1007/s10291-020-00992-1

Cited by 62 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The information related to GPS CORS stations is listed in Table 1. The Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) parameter is estimated using the independently developed Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique [9]. The specific information pertaining to the GPS PWV determination and its accuracy assessment can be found in [11].…”

Section: Obtaining the Pwv Time Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knowledge of the spatiotemporal variation of atmospheric water vapor and temperature would provide valuable information to aid in understanding atmospheric phenomena and certain extreme events [5]. The Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technique was proved to be able to detect sudden changes in precipitable water vapor (PWV) [6][7][8][9] and has been widely used in the monitoring of atmospheric storms and depressions [10] as well as the forecasting of heavy precipitation [11]. The authors of [12] pointed out that the PWV characteristics are an important factor because they could affect future climate change trends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Investigation of Extreme Weather Impact on Precipitable Water Vapor and Vegetation Growth—A Case Study in Zhejiang China

et al. 2021

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Zhejiang province in China experienced an extreme climate phenomenon in August 2014 with temperature rises, sunshine duration decreases, and precipitation increases, particularly, the successive heavy rainfall events occurring from 16 to 20 August 2014 that contributed to this climate anomaly. This study investigates the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of precipitable water vapor (PWV) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) associated with this phenomenon. Multiple sources of PWV values derived from the Global Positioning System (GPS), Radiosonde (RS) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim data are used with different spatiotemporal resolutions. The monthly averaged PWV in August 2014 exceeded the 95% percentiles of climatological value (53 mm) while the monthly averaged temperature was less than the 5% percentiles of climatological value (26.6 °C). Before the extreme precipitation, the PWV increased from the yearly averaged value of about 35 mm to more than 60 mm and gradually returned to the August climatological average of 50 mm after the precipitation ended. A large-scale atmospheric water vapor was partially conveyed by the warm wet air current of anticyclones which originated over the South China Sea (25° N, 130° E) and the Western Pacific Ocean. The monthly NDVI variation over the past 34 years (1982–2015) was investigated in this paper and the significant impact of extreme climate on vegetation growth in August 2014 was found. The extreme negative temperature anomaly and positive PWV anomaly are the major climate-driven factors affecting vegetation growth in the north and south of Zhejiang province with correlation coefficients of 0.83 and 0.72, respectively, while the extreme precipitation does not show any apparent impact on NDVI.

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Section: Obtaining the Pwv Time Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Extreme Weather Impact on Precipitable Water Vapor and Vegetation Growth—A Case Study in Zhejiang China

et al. 2021

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“…With the current proliferation of GNSS systems, the availability of more satellites paves the way for further improvements to PPP-RTK ambiguity resolution and positioning based on the ionosphere-float model, i.e., the model which parameterizes the ionospheric delays as completely unknown parameters. In general, combining systems brings an improved satellite geometry that translates into reduced convergence times, as was demonstrated for GPS and BeiDou [7], GPS and Galileo [8,9], three-system GPS, Galileo and BeiDou [10,11], four-system GPS, Galileo, BeiDou and GLONASS [12,13], and five-system GPS, Galileo, BeiDou, GLONASS and QZSS [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Multi-Frequency Galileo PPP-RTK Convergence Analysis with an Emphasis on the Role of Frequency Spacing

2021

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The single-receiver integer ambiguity resolution-enabled variant of precise point positioning (PPP), namely PPP-RTK, has proven to be crucial in reducing the long convergence time of PPP solutions through the recovery of the integerness of the user-ambiguities. The proliferation of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) supports various improvements in this regard through the availability of more satellites and frequencies. The increased availability of the Galileo E6 signal from GNSS receivers paves the way for speeding up integer ambiguity resolution, as more frequencies provide for a stronger model. In this contribution, the Galileo-based PPP-RTK ambiguity resolution and positioning convergence capabilities are studied and numerically demonstrated as a function of the number and spacing of frequencies, aiming to shed light on which frequencies should be used to obtain optimal performance. Through a formal analysis, we provide insight into the pivotal role of frequency separation in ambiguity resolution. Using real Galileo data on up to five frequencies and our estimated PPP-RTK corrections, representative kinematic user convergence results with partial ambiguity resolution are presented and discussed. Compared to the achieved performance of dual-frequency fixed solutions, it is found that the contribution of multi-frequency observations is significant and largely driven by frequency separation. When using all five available frequencies, it is shown that the kinematic user can achieve a sub-decimeter level convergence in 15.0 min (90% percentile). In our analysis, we also show to what extent the provision of the estimable satellite code biases as standard PPP-RTK corrections accelerates convergence. Finally, we numerically demonstrate that, when integrated with GPS, the kinematic user solution achieves convergence in 3.0 and 5.0 min on average and at 90%, respectively, in the presence of ionospheric delays, thereby indicating the single-receiver user’s fast-convergence capabilities.

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“…More recently, the performance of triple-frequency PPP has been examined in a number of studies, e.g., [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. Li et al [42] developed a triple-frequency triple-constellation (i.e., GPS, BeiDou and Galileo) precise point positioning ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) model. Their developed model was validated using static and kinematic datasets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of Triple-Frequency GPS/Galileo Techniques for Precise Static and Kinematic Applications

Rabbou

Abdelazeem

Morsy

2021

Sensors

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The objective of this research was to develop new precise point positioning (PPP) processing models using triple-frequency GPS/Galileo observations. Different triple-frequency PPP models were developed including undifferenced, between-satellite single-difference (BSSD) and semi-decoupled PPP models. Additionally, a dual-frequency ionosphere-free undifferenced PPP model was developed. The performance of our developed PPP models was evaluated for both static and kinematic applications. To validate the proposed PPP models for static applications, triple-frequency GPS/Galileo observations spanning three successive days from eight globally distributed reference stations were acquired. Then, the observations were processed using the four static PPP solutions. It is found that the 3D positioning accuracy of the triple-frequency semi-decoupled, BSSD and undifferenced PPP models is enhanced after 10 min by about 50, 41 and 29%, respectively, compared with the dual-frequency undifferenced PPP model. After 20 min of processing, improvements in the 3D positioning accuracy by 40, 31 and 21% are obtained for the triple-frequency semi-decoupled, BSSD and undifferenced PPP models, respectively, with respect to the dual-frequency PPP model. The 3D positioning accuracy is also improved after 60 min, compared with the dual-frequency solution, by 40, 40 and 35% for the triple-frequency semi-decoupled, BSSD and undifferenced PPP solutions, respectively. For kinematic application validation, a vehicle trajectory was carried out. The collected triple-frequency GPS/Galileo observations were processed using the four kinematic PPP solutions. It is shown that the triple-frequency semi-decupled, BSSD and undifferenced PPP solutions enhance the 3D positioning accuracy by 31, 23 and 10%, respectively, in comparison with the dual-frequency undifferenced PPP solutions.

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GPS + Galileo + BeiDou precise point positioning with triple-frequency ambiguity resolution

Cited by 62 publications

References 36 publications

An Investigation of Extreme Weather Impact on Precipitable Water Vapor and Vegetation Growth—A Case Study in Zhejiang China

An Investigation of Extreme Weather Impact on Precipitable Water Vapor and Vegetation Growth—A Case Study in Zhejiang China

A Multi-Frequency Galileo PPP-RTK Convergence Analysis with an Emphasis on the Role of Frequency Spacing

Performance Evaluation of Triple-Frequency GPS/Galileo Techniques for Precise Static and Kinematic Applications

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