Gradient Hierarchical Hollow Heterostructures of Ti₃C₂T_x@rGO@MoS₂ for Efficient Microwave Absorption

Abstract

Heterostructure engineering has emerged as a promising approach for creating high-performance microwave absorption materials in various applications such as advanced communications, portable devices, and military fields. However, achieving strong electromagnetic wave attenuation, good impedance matching, and low density in a single heterostructure remains a significant challenge. Herein, a unique structural design strategy that employs a hollow structure coupled with gradient hierarchical heterostructures to achieve high-performance microwave absorption is proposed. MoS2 nanosheets are uniformly grown onto the double-layered Ti3C2T x MXene@rGO hollow microspheres through self-assembly and sacrificial template techniques. Notably, the gradient hierarchical heterostructures, comprising a MoS2 impedance matching layer, a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) lossy layer, and a Ti3C2T x MXene reflective layer, have demonstrated significant improvements in impedance matching and attenuation capabilities. Additionally, the incorporation of a hollow structure can further improve microwave absorption while reducing the overall composite density. The distinctive gradient hollow heterostructures enable Ti3C2T x @rGO@MoS2 hollow microspheres with exceptional microwave absorption properties. The reflection loss value reaches as strong as −54.2 dB at a thin thickness of 1.8 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth covers the whole Ku-band, up to 6.04 GHz. This work provides an exquisite perspective on heterostructure engineering design for developing next-generation microwave absorbers.

Fe2P nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanofiber composite towards lightweight and highly efficient microwave absorption

“…The Cole-Cole curve is commonly used to analyze polarization in EM wave absorption and attenuation based on the Debye relaxation theory. 27 As shown in Fig. 3h and i, CNFs have one semicircle whereas Fe 2 P@CNFs have two semicircles, which indicates the presence of multiple polarization relaxations for Fe 2 P@CNFs.…”

“…These defect sites trap charge carriers, causing a redistribution of charges and inducing polarization, ultimately resulting in the loss of electromagnetic energy. 31,32 Thirdly, incorporated doped Fe and P species in the Fe 2 P@CNFs act as polarization sites, contributing to the enhancement of polarization loss. Finally, the Fe 2 P/C composite, consisting of graphitic carbon, amorphous carbon, Fe 2 P NPs, and paraffin, provides abundant interfaces, promoting interfacial polarization.…”

Controllable proton-reservoir ordered gel towards reversible switching and reliable electromagnetic interference shielding

“…44 The interfacial polarization, driven by the accumulation of free electrons at the interfaces between PANI and SA, along with the local dipole polarization induced by the presence of numerous functional groups and defects on PANI and SA, collectively contribute to the polarization loss of EMWs. 45 Second, the well-aligned pore channels within the gel structure promote multiple reflections and scattering of the incident EMWs. This extended propagation path increases the likelihood of interactions with the cell walls, thereby enhancing the overall EMW attenuation.…”

Recent Progress and Outlook on the Emerging Low-Dimensional MoS2 Nanostructures for Microwave Absorption

“…The distinctive gradient hollow heterostructures endow the Ti 3 C 2 T x @RGO@MoS 2 hollow microspheres with RL of −54.2 dB and EAB of 6.04 GHz at 1.8 mm with the filler loading of 40 wt %. 135 Silicon carbide/nitride, possessing the excellent mechanical properties, thermal and chemical stabilities, and low density as well as crystallographic structure diversity, have been extensively applied as microwave absorbers. MoS 2 nanoflower within the porous Si 3 N 4 ceramic were prepared.…”

“…MoS 2 nanosheets were uniformly dispersed on the double-layered Ti 3 C 2 T x @RGO hollow microspheres. The distinctive gradient hollow heterostructures endow the Ti 3 C 2 T x @RGO@MoS 2 hollow microspheres with RL of −54.2 dB and EAB of 6.04 GHz at 1.8 mm with the filler loading of 40 wt % …”