Gradient of anthocyanin in cell aggregates of Daucus carota in suspension cultures

Abstract

The size distribution of cell aggregates, and the effect of celt aggregate size on anthocyanin content of Daucus carota cells in suspension cultures, was studied. The profile of biomass distribution in various size groups of cell aggregates indicated that over 92% of biomass was present in the aggregates of 500-1500 pm in diameter. The anthocyanin content increased initially with the increase in cell aggregate diameter up to 500-850 pm, and decreased rapidly with the increase in the cell aggregate size above this critical diameter. On the other hand, the surface colour intensity showed a steady increase with the increase in cell aggregate size, indicating a steep radial gradient of anthocyanin content along the radius of the larger cell aggregates.

Establishment of anthocyanin-producing cell suspension cultures of Cleome rosea Vahl ex DC. (Capparaceae)

“…The predominance of aggregates formed by a small number of cells is a positive factor with regard to the production of secondary metabolites, especially anthocyanic pigments. Some authors have observed a reduction in anthocyanin production in enlarged cell aggregates (Madhusudhan and Ravishankar 1996;Pèpin et al 1999). Because anthocyanin biosynthesis is also strongly influenced by light intensity, which affects the activity of key enzymes involved in their biosynthetic pathway, such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase (Zhang et al 2002), it is possible that increased aggregate size can cause a lack of light at the core cells.…”

Vitis vinifera culture in a non-conventional bioreactor: the reciprocating plate bioreactor

“…4. As reported by Madhusudhan and Ravishankar [19], the aggregate size plays an important role in various biochemical parameters, as for example, the secondary metabolite synthesis. In bioreactor cultures, aeration and agitation have an important impact on the cluster size since they control hydrodynamic stresses to which are subjected cell aggregates.…”

Characterization of aggregate size in Taxus suspension cell culture

“…The effect of aggregate size on metabolic activity has been studied extensively, but no definitive trend regarding aggregate size and secondary metabolite production has emerged across species and cell culture systems. Larger aggregates have been shown to have a positive effect on secondary metabolite production (Edahiro and Seki 2006; Hulst et al 1989), a positive effect up to a critical size (Zhao et al 2003; Madhusudhan and Ravishankar 1996), or a negative effect (Pepin et al 1999; Bolta et al 2003). Additionally, aggregate size has been shown to affect culture growth rates (Forni et al 1999), rheological properties of the culture broth (Rodriguez-Monroy et al 2004), and is the most likely cause of heterogeneity in single cell populations (Naill and Roberts 2005a; Naill and Roberts 2005b).…”

“…Dry weight is the standard measure of biomass in plant cell culture, and the most common method to measure the aggregate size distribution is similar in nature. A crude biomass distribution is typically obtained by separating a sample of aggregates on a series of filters or sieves with different pore sizes and determining the dry weight of each resulting size fraction (i.e., McDonald et al 2001; Zhao et al 2003; Keβler et al 1999; Madhusudhan and Ravishankar 1996; Mavituna and Park 1987). This method is often employed due to the straightforward nature of the procedure and materials required.…”