Gradual Internationalization vs Born-Global/International new venture models

Abstract

Purpose During the last two decades, studies on the theoretical models in the area of international business (IB), such as gradual internationalization and the born-global firms, have gained the attention of researchers. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the studies on the process of internationalization (Gradual Internationalization vs Born-Global/International new venture models) to identify the research gaps in this area and to prepare a future research agenda. Design/methodology/approach Systematic literature review method was employed for this review. The authors highlight the findings from prior studies, compare and contrast salient characteristics and features, based on the articles published in journals with an impact factor score of at least 1.0, and provide directions for research. Findings The authors find that there are several areas that were under-explored in prior research. There is a great potential for theoretical extension and theory development in this field as it covers the tenets of four subjects: IB, marketing, strategic management and entrepreneurship. Originality/value There is no comprehensive/integrated review exploring the methods/variables and constructs used in prior studies integrating gradual internationalization/born-global models based on all the articles published in well-regarded academic journals. This review seeks to provide deeper insights, which help us to contribute toward the development of this research field.

Home sharing in marketing and tourism at a tipping point: What do we know, how do we know, and where should we be heading?

“… Theory-based reviews are focused on analyzing the role of a specific theory in a given field. Examples of theory-based reviews include the role of gradual internationalization versus born-global models in international business ( Paul & Rosado-Serrano, 2019 ), the role of self-determination theory in marketing ( Gilal, Zhang, Paul, & Gilal, 2019 ), and the role of theory of planned behavior in consumer behavior ( Hassan, Shiu, & Parry, 2016 ). Method-based reviews are dedicated to analyzing the utilization of a specific method in a subject area.…”

Service Failure and Recovery in B2B Markets – A Morphological Analysis

“…The benefits and steps involved in an SLR have been explained by researchers ( Easterby-Smith et al, 2012 , Petticrew and Roberts, 2008 ). There are also other types of SLR ( Paul & Criado, 2020 ) such as a bibliometric review ( Randhawa et al, 2016 ), meta -analysis ( Knoll & Matthes, 2017 ), structured review ( Kahiya, 2018 , Paul and Singh, 2017 , Rosado-Serrano et al, 2018 ), theory-based review ( Paul & Rosado-Serrano, 2019 ), framework-based review ( Paul & Benito, 2018 ), hybrid-narrative review ( Kumar et al, 2019 , Paul et al, 2017 ), and a review aiming for model/framework development ( Paul, 2019 , Paul and Mas, 2019 ). Structured reviews consist of tabular representations that structure useful content from the articles.…”

What Is Going on with the Research into the Internationalization of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)? An Intellectual Structure Analysis into the State-of-the-Art (1990–2018)

“…Although smallness is considered a factor that hampers the internationalization process [62], these studies are grounded on the resource-based view that considered that the lack of capabilities and skills needed to enter in a foreign market was the main restriction to capturing business opportunities [60,61]. In this vein, the dearth of human resources has been analysed [60,63], with the lack of knowledge of international business, inexperience and risk perception, management and organization being characteristics that prevent any kind of internationalization [64]. Additionally, environmental barriers or external impediments are considered even more important when the target market is dissimilar to the domestic market.…”

“…On the one hand, the traditional incremental model, Uppsala model [22] states that the process of internationalization is slow and gradual or by stages. In this vein, the knowledge acquired in the initial stages is used in subsequent stages, with the cumulative processes featuring in the central role of the model [64]. On the other hand, the accelerated internationalization of SMEs is not explained by the Uppsala model [71,72].…”