Gradual Ownership Types

Sergey, Ilya; Clarke, Dave

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28869-2_29

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The first investigates the integration of gradual typing with advanced typing features, such as objects [Siek and Taha 2007], ownership types [Sergey and Clarke 2012], refinement types [Jafery and Dunfield 2017; Lehmann and Tanter 2017], session types [Igarashi et al 2017], and union and intersection types [Castagna and Lanvin 2017]. From this perspective, our type system studies the combination of variational types and gradual types.…”

Section: Relation To Gradual Typingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migrating gradual types

Campora

Chen

Erwig

et al. 2017

Proc. ACM Program. Lang.

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Gradual typing allows programs to enjoy the benefits of both static typing and dynamic typing. While it is often desirable to migrate a program from more dynamically-typed to more statically-typed or vice versa, gradual typing itself does not provide a way to facilitate this migration. This places the burden on programmers who have to manually add or remove type annotations. Besides the general challenge of adding type annotations to dynamically typed code, there are subtle interactions between these annotations in gradually typed code that exacerbate the situation. For example, to migrate a program to be as static as possible, in general, all possible combinations of adding or removing type annotations from parameters must be tried out and compared.In this paper, we address this problem by developing migrational typing, which efficiently types all possible ways of adding or removing type annotations from a gradually typed program. The typing result supports automatically migrating a program to be as static as possible, or introducing the least number of dynamic types necessary to remove a type error. The approach can be extended to support user-defined criteria about which annotations to modify. We have implemented migrational typing and evaluated it on large programs. The results show that migrational typing scales linearly with the size of the program and takes only 2ś4 times longer than plain gradual typing.

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Section: Relation To Gradual Typingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migrating gradual types

Campora

Chen

Erwig

et al. 2017

Proc. ACM Program. Lang.

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“…The appeal of gradual typing has inspired the development of gradual approaches to a variety of type disciplines, including objects [14,22,24], ownership types [21], typestates [10,26], and information flow typing [6].…”

Section: Towards Gradual Effect Checkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sergey and Clarke propose gradual ownership types [21]. Like gradual typestates, gradual ownership expresses and dynamically tracks heap properties.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another explanation is that effect systems are necessarily conservative and therefore occasionally reject valid programs. We follow the line of work on gradual verification of program properties (e.g., gradual typing [22,23], gradual ownership types [21], gradual typestate [10,26]), and develop a theory of gradual effect systems. Our contributions are as follows: • We shed light on the meaning of gradual effect checking, and its fundamental differences from traditional gradual typing, by formulating it in the framework of abstract interpretation [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A theory of gradual effect systems

Schwerter

García

Tanter

2014

Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming

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Effect systems have the potential to help software developers, but their practical adoption has been very limited. We conjecture that this limited adoption is due in part to the difficulty of transitioning from a system where effects are implicit and unrestricted to a system with a static effect discipline, which must settle for conservative checking in order to be decidable. To address this hindrance, we develop a theory of gradual effect checking, which makes it possible to incrementally annotate and statically check effects, while still rejecting statically inconsistent programs. We extend the generic type-and-effect framework of Marino and Millstein with a notion of unknown effects, which turns out to be significantly more subtle than unknown types in traditional gradual typing. We appeal to abstract interpretation to develop and validate the concepts of gradual effect checking. We also demonstrate how an effect system formulated in Marino and Millstein's framework can be automatically extended to support gradual checking.

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“…Sergey and Clark [24] introduce the notion of gradual ownership types and a corresponding consistent-subtyping relation. Their formalism provides a static guarantee of ownership invariants for fully annotated programs, but requires dynamic checks for partially-annotated programs.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inference and Checking of Object Ownership

Huang

Dietl

Milanova

et al. 2012

ECOOP 2012 – Object-Oriented Programming

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Abstract. Ownership type systems describe a heap topology and enforce an encapsulation discipline; they aid in various program correctness and understanding tasks. However, the annotation overhead of ownership type systems has hindered their widespread use. We present a unified framework for specification, type inference and type checking of ownership type systems, and instantiate the framework for two such systems: Universe Types and Ownership Types. We present an objective metric defining a "best typing" for these type systems, and develop an inference approach that maximizes the metric. The programmer can influence the inference by adding partial annotations to the program. We implemented the approach on top of the Checker Framework and present the results of an experimental evaluation.

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Gradual Ownership Types

Cited by 40 publications

References 33 publications

Migrating gradual types

Migrating gradual types

A theory of gradual effect systems

Inference and Checking of Object Ownership

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