Graduate Medical Education, 2014-2015

Abstract

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The State of Cancer Care in America, 2016: A Report by the American Society of Clinical Oncology

“…For example, although the US Census estimates approximately 17% of the population is Hispanic, only 5.8% of practicing oncologists are Hispanic. 86 African Americans, despite comprising 13% of the population, represent only 2.3% of practicing oncologists and 3.7% of oncology fellows. 86 The hematology and oncology field also has lower rates of Hispanics than the other large internal medicine subspecialty fellowships, including cardiology (7.1%), gastroenterology (8.7%), and infectious disease (13%).…”

“…87,88 In training programs, 5.3% of oncology fellows are Hispanic, whereas 7.6% of all residents and fellows and 7.8% of internal medicine residents are Hispanic (Fig 10A). [86][87][88] The percentage of all residents and fellows who are African American is 5.7%, and the percentage among internal medicine residents is 6% (Fig 10B). 86 African Americans, despite comprising 13% of the population, represent only 2.3% of practicing oncologists and 3.7% of oncology fellows.…”

“…86 The hematology and oncology field also has lower rates of Hispanics than the other large internal medicine subspecialty fellowships, including cardiology (7.1%), gastroenterology (8.7%), and infectious disease (13%). 86 Among the major internal medicine subspecialty fellows, the hematology and oncology field has the lowest participation of African Americans. [86][87][88] The percentage of all residents and fellows who are African American is 5.7%, and the percentage among internal medicine residents is 6% (Fig 10B).…”

Mathematical model of gender bias and homophily in professional hierarchies

“…Model fit to data from nursing[42,[49][50][51][63][64][65] (top) and academic chemistry[41][42][43] (bottom). Model fit to data from academic math/statistics[40][41][42] (top) and law[58][59][60] (bottom).…”

Does it matter how much physician trainees work anymore?

“…Subsequent regulations implemented in 20111 limited the maximum shift length for first-year trainees to 16 h and reduced continuous duty for all residents to 28 h. Other countries have implemented significantly stricter rules—the European Working Time Directive2 has limited European trainees to 48 working hours per week since 2009. These regulations directly affect >118 000 residents in the USA3 and about 40 000 junior doctors in the UK yearly, with major consequent effects on the workforce and finances of teaching hospitals and clinics.…”