Graduate Medical Education, 2016-2017

Abstract

he American Medical Association (AMA) and the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) sponsor and administer the National GME Census through GME Track, an internet-based AAMC product, and jointly maintain a database of information on training programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and of the residents and fellows in those programs. From May until December 2016, all directors of programs accredited by the ACGME were asked to complete the program survey component of the Census on GME Track. Information on the educational characteristics of the training programs was added to FREIDA Online, the AMA Residency & Fellowship Database, a public information source on GME programs that is available to medical students, residents, and fellows. Beginning in late July 2016, program directors were surveyed about their active, transferred, and graduated residents and fellows for academic year 2016-2017. Program directors were provided with lists of residents and fellows from the current database and were asked to (1) confirm or modify the training status of trainees who were present in their programs the prior year; (2) add new physicians to their program who were not already in the database; and (3) confirm, edit, or add demographic information on all trainees. This demographic information includes sex, birthdate, country of birth, citizenship status, race, and Hispanic ethnicity. Information on race and Hispanic ethnicity for residents and fellows who had provided such information through various AAMC applications (eg, the Electronic Residency Application Service) was carried forward from those applications and included in the Census. We surveyed 10 343 active programs, of which 9899 (95.7%) completed the program survey and 9005 (87.1%) confirmed the status of all their active physicians-in-training, accounting for 120 410 (97.0%) active trainees. An additional 21 programs (0.2%) confirmed some but not all of their trainees (n = 153 individuals, 0.1%), 377 confirmed that they did not have any trainees (3.6%), 492 programs (4.8%) confirmed the status of nonactive trainees (graduates and transfers) but did not have any currently active trainees, and 448 programs (4.3%) did not confirm the status of any physician training in the program (including 243 programs that apparently did not have any active trainees). A total of 96.7% of all physicians in our database had their status confirmed (eg, active, graduated, transferred, or withdrawn). Physicians whose status was not confirmed were "advanced" into the next year of training (n = 3533 [2.8% of active residents]) or "graduated" based on expected graduation date (n = 1223 [2.9% of graduated residents and fellows]). In total, we estimate that there were 124 096 active residents in ACGMEaccredited programs during the 2016-2017 academic year. The following tables include data from these surveys.

Changes in Sex, Race, and Ethnic Origin of Emergency Medicine Resident Physicians From 2007 to 2017

“…Diversity among residents in particular and, among the emergency medicine (EM) workforce in general, is a goal of both specialty societies and accrediting agencies . The proportion of medical students and residents who self‐identify as female has increased over the past few decades, but the proportion who are racial and ethnic minorities remains low . The percentage of emergency physicians and EM residents who are women and minorities are known to be lower than that of the general population .…”

Women as leaders in cardiovascular medicine

“…Even though half of all medical students and over 40% of internal medicine residents are women, the American Association of Medical Colleges workforce reports that in 2015, only 13.2% of cardiologists were women . Although women represent a greater proportion of those training in cardiovascular disease programs, this number has remained stagnant at just over 20% for several years . The reasons for the persistent lack of increase in cardiology trainees are not well understood and are likely multifactorial.…”

“…Women are leaders in all the subspecialties of cardiology including interventional cardiology, electrophysiology, advanced heart failure and transplant cardiology, and adult congenital heart disease. Furthermore, women are well represented in pediatric cardiology, where half of all trainees are women . This review will highlight the various leadership roles and paths taken on by prominent women in the practice of cardiovascular medicine.…”

Mathematical model of gender bias and homophily in professional hierarchies

“…Model fit to data from nursing[42,[49][50][51][63][64][65] (top) and academic chemistry[41][42][43] (bottom). Model fit to data from academic math/statistics[40][41][42] (top) and law[58][59][60] (bottom).…”