Graft copolymerization by pre‐irradiation technique

Ballantine, David S.; Glines, A.; Adler, G.; Metz, D.J.

doi:10.1002/pol.1959.1203412732

Cited by 68 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The aim of the grafting onto the film is to obtain comparative results which would reflect a change in the kinetic parameters of the grafting process on a polymeric matrix without pores. The curves of grafted polystyrene accumulation onto film and nuclear membranes: (1,2 ) grafting by preirradiation in air, dose D = 175 kGy; (3)(4)(5) grafting by preirradiation in a vacuum, D = 50 kGy. Grafting temperature is 70°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the matrix thickness on radiation‐induced grafting of styrene onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) films and nuclear membranes

Zhitariuk

Zagorets

Kuznetsov

1990

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SynopsisRadiation-induced graft polymerization of styrene onto poly (ethylene terephthalate) ( P E T ) nuclear membranes and films was performed by various methods, viz., preirradiation in air and in a vacuum. The grafting yield obtained via the preirradiation in a vacuum was considerably higher than that obtained under the same conditions by preirradiation in air. The higher the average distance between pores is, the higher the grafting yield. But when grafting is performed onto both the membranes with average distance between pores and films with different thickness, the grafting yield passes through the maximum as the thickness increases. When the average distance between the pore walls of a membrane is equal to the film thickness, the grafting rate onto the film is higher than that onto the membrane. This is attributed to growth of the termination rates both the active sites within the polymeric matrix and the growing macroradicals during graft polymerization. Both the processes proceed at the phase boundary. The boundary area increases as a result of chemical treatment in the course of nuclear membrane manufacturing. The values of the characteristic parameter a and the critical thickness for styrene grafting onto nuclear membranes and films have been obtained.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the matrix thickness on radiation‐induced grafting of styrene onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) films and nuclear membranes

Zhitariuk

Zagorets

Kuznetsov

1990

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…This is not the case with radicals formed in the amorphous regions which can readily participate in many chemical processes such as grafting [18].…”

Section: Fe P-ch -H X C -------P-ch H X C Fe Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Induced Grafting of Acrylic Acid onto Viscose Rayon Fabrics and Its After-Effects

Barakat¹,

El-Salmawy²,

Zahran³

2016

OJPChem

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Radiation induced grafting of various polymers with different monomers proved to be an attractive means to modify the physical or chemical properties of polymeric materials or textile fabrics. In the present work, radiation induced grafting of viscose rayon fabrics, consisting mainly of cellulose fibers, with acrylic acid monomer has been carried out. The grafting yields have been thoroughly studied as a function of different applied experimental parameters. The impact of the graft yield on the physical properties of the fabrics such as tensile strength, elongation, swelling, moisture absorption, crease recovery angle and also the dyeing properties of the fabrics has been studied. The effect of increasing the contact time of the fabric and monomer solution, at room temperature, after stopping irradiation has been studied in detail as well as the effect of temperature on the irradiated samples also after stopping irradiation. The best grafting yield was obtained on irradiating viscose rayon fabric in methanol-water solvent containing acrylic acid monomer, at a dose 20 kGys, then heating for 7 hours at 80˚C and finally keeping the samples at room temperature for about 20 hours. That treatment significantly increased the final graft yield.

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“…I n the present study two methods were adopted in the vapor phase: one was a simultaneous irradiation method in styrene vapor, and the other was a preirradiation method, followed by reaction in styrene vapor. Ballantine et al 5 and Ranogajec et a1. 6 have reported on graft reactions by these two methods in the liquid phase but no investigation has been reported on the two methods in this system in the vapor phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Radiation‐induced grafting in the polyethylene–styrene system and differential thermal analysis of the grafted samples

Imai¹,

Shimizu²

1973

J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed.

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synopsisThe graft polymerization of styrene onto high-density polyethylene films was carried out by +radiation in the vapor phase. Two methods were used for grafting in these experiments: a preirradiation method and a simultaneous irradiation method. The effects of these grafting methods on the reaction mechanism of grafting and on the properties of the grafted samples were investigated. The amounts of styrene homopolymer in the grafted samples is under 2% in the case of the preirradiation method and above 10% in the case of the simultaneous irradiation method. The activation energies were calculated to be 18 kcal/mole for grafting in the preirradiation method and 15 kcal/mole for weight increase of polyethylene films in styrene vapor. The difference in the dimensional expansion between in the direction of stretching and the direction perpendicular to it is smaller with preirradiation grafting than with grafting by the simultaneous irradiation method. Differential thermal analysis of the grafted films shows an endothermic peak due thermal decomposition which decreases gradually from 450°C to 415OC with increase in degree of grafting from 30 to 60%. The lowering of this peak temperature appears a t a lower degree of grafting when the preirradiation method is used. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that the reaction rate of radiation-induced grafting in the vapor phase depends closely upon the processes of adsorption, dissolution, and diffusion of styrene monomer in polyethylene films; in the case of simultaneous irradiation method, the reaction proceeds comparatively uniformly in the amorphous region, while in the case of the preirradiation method, the reaction proceeds mainly a t the boundary of the crystalline and amorphous regions.

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Graft copolymerization by pre‐irradiation technique

Cited by 68 publications

References 3 publications

Influence of the matrix thickness on radiation‐induced grafting of styrene onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) films and nuclear membranes

Influence of the matrix thickness on radiation‐induced grafting of styrene onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) films and nuclear membranes

Radiation Induced Grafting of Acrylic Acid onto Viscose Rayon Fabrics and Its After-Effects

Radiation‐induced grafting in the polyethylene–styrene system and differential thermal analysis of the grafted samples

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