Radiation‐induced grafting in the polyethylene–styrene system and differential thermal analysis of the grafted samples

Imai, Masahiko; Shimizu, Harumichi

doi:10.1002/pol.1973.170111212

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A linear increase in the density of polyethylene with increasing degree of grafting up to 74% has been reported in polyethylene-g-styrene system. 15 But, in the present system, it appears that, up to 16% graft level, the diffusion process during the grafting reaction is not much affected and the grafting takes place in the interlamellar regions.16 However, with further increase in grafting, the deviation from linear relationship may be attributed to the creation of a higher specific volume due to the pushing apart of polymer chains, so as to accomodate more PMAA grafts. 13 Similar behavior has been observed for polyethylene-g-styrene system, 16 where the density increases continuously with the increasing graft levels, but beyond 20% grafting the change is not rapid.…”

Section: Densitymentioning

confidence: 64%

Radiation-induced graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid onto polypropylene fibers. III. Characterization

Mukherjee

Gupta

1985

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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SynopsisPolypropylene-g-polymethacrylic acid graft copolymer, prepared by simultaneous-irradiation technique, was characterized to determine the structural changes, occurring in the copolymer. The presence of polymethacrylic acid graft in the copolymer was ascertained by infrared spectroscopy. Crystallinity of the grafted fibers, as deduced from X-ray diffraction pattern, showed a decrease with the increase in graft level in the fiber. Such a behavior has been attributed to the dilution of crystalline fraction of polypropylene by the incorporation of amorphous polymethacrylic acid chains in the fiber matrix, without disrupting the original crystallites of the backbone polymer. The density of the grafted samples showed a continuous increase with the increase in percent graft. However, the diameter did not change up to 16% graft content, beyond which an increase in the diameter was observed. This increase in diameter has been related with the sharp increase in disperse dye uptake of the grafted fiber at higher levels of grafting. INTRODUCTIONA graft copolymer results from the chemical linkage of a growing macromolecular chain with the preformed polymer, thereby producing a branched structure.' The interaction of grafted moiety with the polymer backbone, nature of bonding, and the distribution of the graft chains strongly influence the properties of a graft copolymer. It, therefore, is of interest to determine the composition and structural changes in a copolymer, induced by graft copolymerization and to correlate them with the polymer properties.Terada2 carried out the grafting of l-phthalimido-1,3-butadiene onto polypropylene by thermal mastication. It has been shown that the percentage of grafted monomer against feed can be determined by ultraviolet spectroscopy. Mi~rointerferometry~ has been successfully used for the determination of transversal distribution of the graft concentration, thus providing a qualitative tool to characterize a graft copolymer. Ohshika4 studied the graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers onto chlorinated polypropylene, using benzoyl peroxide and UV rays as initiator and used infrared spectroscopy to prove that various monomers, such as acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, and vinyl acetate can be grafted onto polypropylene. Similar technique has been used by Ikeda et al.5 to characterize polypropylene fabric grafted with acrylic acid.The present investigation aims to evaluate structural changes induced EXPERIMENTAL Materials. Various polypropylene-g-polymethacrylic acid (PP-g-PMAA)samples with different graft content were prepared by simultaneous irradiation-induced graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid onto polypropylene fibers, under different reaction conditions, as reported previo~sly.~,'Infrared Spectroscopy. The infrared spectra (IR) were measured on a Perkin-Elmer Model 580 B Infrared Spectrophotometer in the range of 400"-400 cm-'. X-Ray Diffraction. X-ray diffraction pattern (intensity vs. diffraction angle plot) was recorded in the range of diffraction angl...

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Section: Densitymentioning

confidence: 64%

Radiation-induced graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid onto polypropylene fibers. III. Characterization

Mukherjee

Gupta

1985

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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“…Several articles1, 2, 4, 33 have related the effect of the crystalline domains on the localization of alkyl, allyl, and peroxy radicals that exist in irradiated polyethylene. Some authors have shown the migration of the radicals to the boundaries of the crystallites, and Seguchi and Tamura34 demonstrated the influence of the crystallite shape on radical migration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have been performed on polystyrene (PS) radiation grafting induced with ionizing radiation on different kinds of polymers. Some articles are related to the polyethylene/styrene grafting system,1–3 but other monomers have also been successfully grafted in polyethylene 4. On the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/styrene system, fewer articles can be found 5, 6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ESR studies in γ‐irradiated and PS‐radiation‐grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride)

Aymes-Chodur

Esnouf

Moël

2001

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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The fluoropolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride) was irradiated with ␥ rays to induce a polystyrene (PS) radiation grafting via an indirect method. Electron spin resonance and Fourier transform infrared studies were performed to identify the species that initiated the PS grafting. Specific experiments were performed to prove separately the importance of each kind of radical. A localization of the radicals in this irradiated polymer is proposed, and a kinetic model of the grafting is given.

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“…It has been reported [7] that the preirradiation grafting method showed higher elongation than a ceric-ion initiation method. Several authors have suggested that the radiation-induced graft copolymer synthesis is the preferred technique to improve the properties of natural cellulose [7,8] and synthetic polymers, [9,10] as it allows a considerable degree of control over the graft copolymer chain. The graft copolymer reaction initiated by g-radiation is normally carried out by one of the following methods: direct irradiation of the polymer immersed in a solution of monomer and other additives, or preirradiation of the polymer followed by reaction with the monomer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Methyl Methacrylate Grafting onto Preirradiated Biodegradable Lignocellulose Fiber by γ‐Radiation

Khan

2005

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Gamma-radiation-induced graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto natural lignocellulose (jute) fiber was carried out by the preirradiation method in an aqueous medium by using octylphenoxy-polyethoxyethanol as an emulsifier. The different factors that influenced the graft copolymer reaction process were investigated. In the case of radiation-dose-dependent grafting, samples irradiated in the presence of air produced up to 73% graft weight compared to 53% obtained in the case of irradiation in a nitrogen environment. By assuming Arrhenius reaction kinetics, the activation energy (E(a)) of the grafting reaction process was evaluated for different reaction temperatures. Moreover, the graft copolymer reaction was controlled by incorporating a homopolymer-inhibiting agent and three different chain-transfer agents in the reaction medium. The mechanical and thermal properties of jute fiber 'as received' and jute-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate) were also investigated. The results showed that the percentage of grafting with jute fiber has a significant effect on the properties. The kinetic parameters were evaluated from TGA thermograms by using Broido's method in the temperature range 240-350 degrees C. Scanning electron micrographs show that the structural changes on the surface of jute fibers were induced by graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate monomer. Fiber-fiber surface friction was measured in terms of the average maximum load and the kinetic friction. SEM of jute-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate).

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Radiation‐induced grafting in the polyethylene–styrene system and differential thermal analysis of the grafted samples

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Radiation-induced graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid onto polypropylene fibers. III. Characterization

Radiation-induced graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid onto polypropylene fibers. III. Characterization

ESR studies in γ‐irradiated and PS‐radiation‐grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride)

Characterization of Methyl Methacrylate Grafting onto Preirradiated Biodegradable Lignocellulose Fiber by γ‐Radiation

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