“…To improve the durability of the polymer on the metallic surface, traditional methods for covalently anchoring polymers to oxide surfaces of the metals were developed. Such methods include the “grafted from” with initiators − or monomers , initially anchored to the surface or the “grafted onto”, where a preformed polymer is covalently linked to the surface. , A great variety of polymers have been successfully anchored to inorganic surfaces by such methods. In particular, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) has been grafted via reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) living polymerization onto TiO 2 nanoparticles, by electrochemical polymerization onto titanium substrates, with gradual variation of chain grafting densities on flat silica, and as hyperbranched PAA onto both gold surfaces and gold-coated porous alumina supports .…”