Grain 15N of crops applied with organic and chemical fertilizers in a four-year rotation

Abstract

Variations in crop grain and soil N isotope composition (d 15 N) in relation to liquid hog manure (d 15 N of total N was +5.1&), solid cattle manure (+7.9&) and chemical fertilizer (+0.7& for urea and )1.9& for ammonium phosphate) applications, and control (no fertilizer application) were examined through a 4-year crop rotation under field conditions. Canola (Brassica napus), hull-less barley (Hordeum vulgare), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and canola were grown sequentially from 2000 (year 1) to 2003 (year 4). From year 2, hog manure or chemical fertilizers, but not cattle manure, treatments increased grain N concentrations over the control. Grain d 15 N (+0.3 to +2.5&) of crops applied with chemical fertilizers was lower than those in the other treatments, reflecting the effects of the N source with a lower d 15 N, while the manure treatments tended to increase grain d 15 N. The higher grain d 15 N of crops applied with hog manure (+5.6 to +8.4&) than those applied with cattle manure (+2.2 to +4.1&) reflected the higher N availability of liquid hog manure (up to 70% as NH 4 + ) than solid cattle manure (99% organic N) and higher potentials for ammonia volatilization loss in hog manure rather than differences in manure d 15 N signatures. Soil total-and extractable-N concentrations and d 15 N tended to vary with the application of N sources with different N isotope composition and availability. Our study expanded the application of the d 15 N technique for detecting N source (organic vs chemical) effects on N isotopic composition to field conditions and across a 4-year rotation, and revealed that N availability played a greater role than the d 15 N signature of N sources in determining crop d 15 N under the studied conditions.

Abundance of 13C and 15N in emmer, spelt and naked barley grown on differently manured soils: towards a method for identifying past manuring practice

“…Hog manure with a high content of NH 4 has been shown to be lower in 15 N than cattle manure dominated by organic N. [25] However, volatilized NH 3 is isotopically considerably lighter than the residual NH 4 retained in stored manure, and the d 15 N value of NH 4 extracted from stored cattle slurry has been found to be higher than values determined for total-N. [26] The d 15 N values of AM-treated soils from the B3-field (6.2 %) and the B5-field (6.8 %) were somewhat lower than values reported for manure by Choi and co-authors (7.9 %), [25] Watzka and co-authors (7.7 to 10.2%), [26] and Kriszan and co-authors (8.9 %), [28] but slightly higher than the average d…”

“…[12,14,[25][26][27][28] However, the use of AM had a significant positive effect on soil total-N and d 15 N, and the soil d…”

“…[14,27] The offset in soil d [ 25] We conclude that long-term use of AM leaves a distinct imprint on the soil in the form of elevated 15 N abundance that allows manured soil to be discerned from soils left unmanured or amended with plant nutrients in mineral forms (e.g. in the form of ash).…”

Isotopic of nitrogen and chemical analysis of deferred grazing marandu palisadegrass fertilized with urea and poultry litter

“…Most studies that tried to differentiate inorganic and organic fertilized crops found that plants treated with inorganic fertilizers have significantly lower δ 15 N values (BATEMAN et al, 2005;CHOI et al, 2006). Given the importance of inorganic fertilizers in modern agriculture, this should be taken into account when data derived from cultivated plants of modern research are used as basis for diet (KEEGAN;DENIRO, 1988;SZPAK et al, 2013;WARINNER et al, 2013).…”

Application of stable isotope techniques in studies of carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles of ecosystem

“…Since the δ 15 N values of N 2 -fixing and non-N 2 -fixing plants have significant differences (Chang and Choi, 2009), the 15 N natural abundance technique is generally applied to analyzing the N processes between N 2 -fixing and non-N 2 -fixing plants and the N nutrient status among plant species (Matsushima and Chang, 2007). Van Choi et al (2006) Composted manure +14.6 ± 3.3 Eggplant, Hot pepper, Brassicas Choi et al (2003) found that a portion of the N 2 fixed by Leucaena leucocephala during the early stages of tree growth was made available to the understorey species through the decomposition and subsequent incorporation into the available soil-N pool of the abscissed L. leucocephala parts, which provided the direct evidence of internal N cycling between a N 2 -fixing tree and non-N 2 -fixing understorey species. Matsushima and Chang (2007) indicated that the Canada bluejoint grass (Calamagrostis canadensis) significantly reduced the δ 15 N in the foliar of the coplanted white spruce (Picea glauca), which was related to the causes that strong NH 4 + -N uptake by bluejoint might have prevented significant soil N losses and 15 N enrichment through nitrification and subsequent denitrification.…”