Grain growth kinetics of 3 mol. % yttria-stabilized zirconia during flash sintering

Microstructural evolution of 3YSZ flash‐sintered with current ramp control

“…In addition, using the average grain size as a thermal indicator, the estimated temperature for FS 200 with a grain growth from 0.1 (value relative to grain size at 1000°C-before flash) to 14 µm was ~2136°C. 19 Besides that, using the grain mobility estimated by Dong et al, the time needed for the grain growth observed in FS 200 should be ~2 seconds. 30 According to Table 2, sample FS 200 reached ~2039°C at the power spike, which corroborates the grain size of this sample.…”

“…Samples treated at 200 mA mm −2 generally showed larger grains in each sample region (core or curved surface) than samples treated at 100 mA mm −2 , which can be explained by the higher temperature reached by these samples (Table ). In addition, using the average grain size as a thermal indicator, the estimated temperature for FS 200 with a grain growth from 0.1 (value relative to grain size at 1000°C—before flash) to 14 µm was ~2136°C . Besides that, using the grain mobility estimated by Dong et al, the time needed for the grain growth observed in FS 200 should be ~2 seconds .…”

“…The grain size heterogeneity has been attributed due to several reasons: a gradient of temperature on the sample due to heat transfer mechanisms during FS; the electric current preferential path forming hotspots, resulting in localized enhancement of grain growth; difference on grain growth kinetics between the cathode and anode vicinities …”

“…10,[12][13][14] The grain size heterogeneity has been attributed due to several reasons: a gradient of temperature on the sample due to heat transfer mechanisms during FS 12,15,16 ; the electric current preferential path forming hotspots, resulting in localized enhancement of grain growth 13,14,17,18 ; difference on grain growth kinetics between the cathode and anode vicinities. 19,20 The properties of materials are related to their microstructure; therefore, knowledge of the grain growth kinetics associated with different FS parameters is essential. Thus, one challenge of FS is the production of ceramics with homogeneous microstructure.…”

Flash sintering of additively manufactured 3YSZ gears

“…17,18 Ren et al reported a similar trend where anode region has larger grain size in flash-sintered 3YSZ; whereas Qin et al reported an opposite observation. 17,18 Prior study on flash sintering of 8YSZ suggested insufficient contact between the electrodes and the sample can lead to higher temperature of the sample near the anode. 19 We hypothesize that the 3YSZ sample may have a higher temperature near the anode than close to the cathode during flash sintering of 3YSZ.…”