Grain Size‐Dependent Structural, Optical, Dielectric, and Magnetic Properties of YFeO₃ Nanomaterials Obtained by the Sol–Gel Technique Using Tartaric Acid as a Chelating Agent

Abstract

This article reports the structural, optical, dielectric, and magnetic properties of yttrium orthoferrite (YFeO3) nanomaterials with different crystallite sizes derived from the sol–gel technique using tartaric acid as a complex agent. Different crystallite sizes (ranging from 0.4 to 2.11 μm) of YFeO3 (YFO) are fabricated by altering the sintering temperatures (in the range of 1173–1623 K) for the same duration (5 h). Rietveld refinements suggest that the different crystallite sizes of YFO exhibit a pure orthorhombic perovskite structure with the Pmna space group. It is observed that the grain size of the material increased with increasing sintering temperature. The highest magnetization value (5.078 emu g−1) is observed for the 0.89 μm size of YFO. A decrease in the optical bandgap of YFO material is observed with an increase in crystallite size. In conclusion, the optimized crystallite size is 0.89 μm for achieving the highest magnetization value of the YFO material synthesized by the sol–gel technique using tartaric acid as a chelating agent.

Enhancement in the Magnetic Properties of Yttrium Orthoferrite Materials by the Addition of BaO–Bi2O3–B2O3 Glass Sintering Aid

“…Magnetization values and coercive field are influenced by different factors, such as particle size, synthesis condition, chelating agent, calcination temperature, and a few more factors. [ 6,18,32,34–38 ] Through Raman spectroscopy, we observed the change in the FeO bond length (red Raman shift at p8) and the increase in particle size (decrease of FWHM); these factors are primarily responsible for the improvement of magnetization value. The coercive field is also crucial for certain applications.…”

“…YFO [42] Solid-state reaction Polycrystalline (1.9 μm) 2.17 4. YFO [18] Sol-gel Polycrystalline (2.1 μm) 2.43…”

“…[6,7] YFO nanomaterials have been synthesized and reported in the literature using various synthetic routes, such as conventional solid-state, hydrothermal, soft chemical, wet-chemical, one-step autocombustion method, mechanochemical, and a few more methods. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Theoretical investigations have delved into the differences in multiferroic properties between hexagonal and orthorhombic ion-doped YFO nanoparticles. [23] Earlier research reports have highlighted the alterable structural and physical characteristics of YFO through changes in particle size, chelating agent, or adding magnetic or nonmagnetic ions at A-sites or B-sites.…”

“…[23] Earlier research reports have highlighted the alterable structural and physical characteristics of YFO through changes in particle size, chelating agent, or adding magnetic or nonmagnetic ions at A-sites or B-sites. [15,16,18,[23][24][25][26][27] For instance, the altered magnetic properties of single phase of Y 1Àx Sc x FeO 3 (x = 0, 0.5, and 1) and Y 1Àx A x B y Fe 1Ày O 3 (where A = Gd 3þ , Nd 3þ , Sm 3þ and B = Ti 4þ ) nanoparticles have been observed. [15,16,27] Apart from these, improved magnetic properties of YFO nanomaterial obtained from tartaric acid (as a chelating agent) compared to YFO nanomaterial obtained from citric acid, oxalic acid, and sucrose have been reported.…”

Synthesis of CoFe2O4 Nanomaterials via Sol–Gel Auto‐Combustion Method using Different Chelating Agent, and Its Effects on Magnetic and Dielectric Properties

“…This may be due to existence of Fe +2 ions in case of oxalic acid and also may be due to crystallite‐size effect. [ 49 ] The dielectric loss of all the samples was also investigated and these values are decreasing with an increase in frequency (Figure 4b). However, the conductivity is increasing with the increase in frequency (Figure 4c) of the all the samples.…”