Grain yield and quality characteristics of different genotypes of winter pea in comparison to spring pea for organic farming in pure and mixed stands

Effect of intercropping normal-leafed or semi-leafless winter peas and triticale after shallow and deep ploughing on agronomic performance, grain quality and succeeding winter wheat yield

“…The coloured-flowered winter pea cultivar EFB was found to have higher levels of crude protein and crude fibre and lower amounts of crude fat, starch and sugar than the white-flowered cultivar James (Table 6). Our data is concordant with those of previous studies Canbolat et al, 2007;Urbatzka et al, 2011a). The higher crude fibre content in coloured-flowered peas is, according to Bastianelli et al (1998), in part due to their smaller seed size.…”

“…These results confirm the high susceptibility to lodging of normal-leafed winter peas, which has already been reported in previous studies Urbatzka et al, 2011a). No lodging occurred in James sole or intercrops, which may result from the short plant height and the semi-leafless leaf type.…”

“…Intercropping increased the lodging resistance of cultivar EFB, which facilitated harvest operations. This result correlates well with the literature Urbatzka et al, 2011a). Owing to the good anti-lodge potential of winter pea-wheat intercrops, the light absorption as well as the canopy aeration was improved and the pea fungal disease incidence reduced .…”

“…Winter peas are advantageous to spring peas in particular concerning the N 2 -fixing capacity (Urbatzka et al, 2011b), the yield performance (Chen et al, 2006) and the yield stability (Urbatzka et al, 2011a) provided that winter survival is good.…”

“…Intercropping peas and cereals reduces the infestation with weeds (Begna et al, 2011;Corre-Hellou et al, 2011;HauggaardNielsen et al, 2001) and prevents peas from lodging (Kontturi et al, 2011;Urbatzka et al, 2011a). For these reasons, intercropping semi-leafless or normal-leafed winter peas and cereals would be one possible solution to ensure improved weed control, good canopy aeration and light interception, and to facilitate harvest operations and thus to avoid yield losses.…”