Grain yield and quality of two-row winter barley cultivars on an acid soil

Abstract

The experiment was established at the experimental field of the Dr. Đorđe Radić Secondary School of Agriculture and Chemistry in Kraljevo (Serbia) during the 2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13 growing seasons. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of genotype and the environment on the grain yield of winter barley cultivars ('Jagodinac', 'Maksa', 'Rekord', 'NS 565' and 'NS 525'). The following characteristics were analysed: grain yield, 1,000 grain weight, test weight and plant height. The average grain yield of all cultivars in the 2010/11 growing season was significantly greater than in the following years, mostly as the result of highly favourable weather conditions at major stages of plant development. 'Jagodinac', 'NS 565' and 'NS 525' gave significantly higher grain yields in all years compared to 'Maksa' and 'Rekord'. Averaged across years, significantly higher values for 1,000 grain weight and test weight were found in 'NS 565' and 'Rekord', respectively. In all years, plant height was significantly greater in 'Jagodinac' than in the other cultivars. Different responses of cultivars to variable agroenvironmental conditions in terms of 1,000 grain weight and test weight require the use of a number of cultivars in the crop structure.

Impact of agro-ecological conditions and fertilization on yield and quality of triticale on pseudogley soil

“…The correlative dependence indicated that the grain yield in all vegetation seasons was positive and highly significantly correlated with test weight, except in the 2017/18 season where a significant correlation was established. A positive and significant correlation of grain yield and test weight of winter triticale in vegetation season has been established by Đekić et al (2014) andTerzic et al (2018) (r = 0.44 * or r = 0.49 * ). A negative and highly significant correlation between grain yield and test weight of winter triticale (r = -0.64 ** ) has been established by Rajičić et al (2020a).…”

“…Positive and significant correlations of grain yield and 1000-grain weight in fertilization have been established by Rajičić et al (2020a). A negative and not-significant correlation between grain yield and 1000-grain weight of winter triticale has been established by Đekić et al (2014) andTerzić et al (2018).…”

“…In Serbia, primarily in its central part, slightly acidic, acidic and extremely acidic soils are significantly represented, with over 60% of the total arable land (Jelic et al, 2015;Gudzic et al, 2019). Of all applied agrotechnical measures, the application of mineral fertilizers, primarily nitrogen, has enabled an increase in grain yield and total amounts of protein per unit area in new varieties (Đekić et al, 2014;Biberdžić et al, 2017;Terzic et al, 2018). Before the energy crisis, the price of mineral fertilizers was economically acceptable, so there was a tendency to apply increased quantities to the level where varieties were able to react by increasing yields.…”

The Influence of Calcification and NPK Fertilizers on the Economics of Triticale Production

“…Triticale's capacity to absorb nutrients during the growth season is influenced by the height of the yield and the size of the vegetative organs. The most typical nitrogen applications in Serbia vary from 80 to 120 kg ha -1 , depending on the agrochemical characteristics of the soil (Đekić et al, 2014;Terzic et al, 2018;Rajičić et al, 2020a). Large volumes of fertilizers can reduce yields and be detrimental to the environment and the economy, which is a major cause of agroecosystem pollution (Đekić et al, 2016;Rajičić et al, 2019;Madić et al, 2020;Tmušić et al, 2021).…”

“…Large volumes of fertilizers can reduce yields and be detrimental to the environment and the economy, which is a major cause of agroecosystem pollution (Đekić et al, 2016;Rajičić et al, 2019;Madić et al, 2020;Tmušić et al, 2021). Weather and particular site conditions have a big impact on how well fertilizers are used and how much produce is produced (Đekić et al, 2014;Đurić et al, 2016;Madić et al, 2018;Terzić et al, 2018;Rajičić et al, 2021). Effective nitrogen fertilization is essential for producing grains profitably, as well as safeguarding groundwater and surface waters from contamination brought on by nitrate leaching as a result of excessive and insufficient nitrogen application (Todorović and Filipović, 2009;Biberdžić et al, 2012;Babić et al, 2021).…”