No abstract

To ensure safe food production, cultivar specificity of mineral nutrition in winter wheat was studied in order to determine genotypic differences in the accumulation of several selected microelements (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu). Soil properties, plant species and genotypes were found to be major factors affecting the uptake of microelements by wheat plants. The application of NPK fertilizers, manure and lime resulted in a decrease in Fe, Mn and Zn contents, but the decrease was not below the concentrations that would make the plants suffer from nutrient deficiencies. In all treatments, the ratio Fe/Mn was <1.5, indicating that iron was not physiologically active, due to which its function was taken over by manganese. The analysis of variance showed highly significant effects of cultivar and fertilization on grain yield and 1,000-grain weight.Keywords: cultivar specificity, fertilization, microelements, wheat Sažetak U cilju proizvodnje zdravstveno-bezbedne hrane, proučavan je uticaj mineralne ishrane kod različitih sorti pšenice kako bi se utvrdile genotipske razlike u akumulaciji određenih mikroelemenata (Fe, Mn, Zn i Cu). Najvažniji faktori koji utiču na usvajanje mikroelemenata od strane pšenice su osobine zemljišta, biljna vrsta i genotipovi. Primena NPK đubriva, stajnjaka i kreča dovela je do smanjenja sadržaja Fe, Mn i Zn, ali Original scientific paper DOI: /10.5513/JCEA01/19.2.2051 Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2018 smanjenje nije bilo ispod koncentracija koje bi izazvele simptome nedostatka kod biljke. U svim varijantama odnos Fe/Mn je bio manji od 1,5 što ukazuje da gvožđe nije fiziološki aktivno, zbog čega je njegovu ulogu preuzeo mangan. Analiza varijanse je pokazala veoma značajne efekte sorte i đubrenja na prinos zrna i težinu 1000 zrna.

The experiment was established at the experimental field of the Dr. Đorđe Radić Secondary School of Agriculture and Chemistry in Kraljevo (Serbia) during the 2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13 growing seasons. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of genotype and the environment on the grain yield of winter barley cultivars ('Jagodinac', 'Maksa', 'Rekord', 'NS 565' and 'NS 525'). The following characteristics were analysed: grain yield, 1,000 grain weight, test weight and plant height. The average grain yield of all cultivars in the 2010/11 growing season was significantly greater than in the following years, mostly as the result of highly favourable weather conditions at major stages of plant development. 'Jagodinac', 'NS 565' and 'NS 525' gave significantly higher grain yields in all years compared to 'Maksa' and 'Rekord'. Averaged across years, significantly higher values for 1,000 grain weight and test weight were found in 'NS 565' and 'Rekord', respectively. In all years, plant height was significantly greater in 'Jagodinac' than in the other cultivars. Different responses of cultivars to variable agroenvironmental conditions in terms of 1,000 grain weight and test weight require the use of a number of cultivars in the crop structure.

A field trial was conducted in 2016-2017 to determine the effect of different rates of mineral fertilisers, especially phosphorus, and lime on grain yield, yield components and their correlation in the spring barley cultivars 'Dunavac' and 'Novosadski 456' under dryland farming conditions at the experimental field of the Secondary School of Agriculture, Kraljevo. The experiment was performed on a very acidic soil (pH H2O 4.5), in a randomised block design with three replications. Grain yield, stem length, number of spikes m-2 , spike length, number of grains per spike and grain weight per spike increased in response to mineral fertilisers and lime. Both cultivars performed better under mineral fertilisation and liming treatment than under increased phosphorus fertilisation, as the availability of macro-and micronutrients increased with increasing soil pH i.e. due to phosphorus immobilisation in the highly acidic environment. In general, significant positive correlations were observed among yield components, and between grain yield and its components. Grain yield was significantly positively correlated with number of spikes m-2 , spike length, number of grains per spike and stem length. Correlations between grain yield and its components under diverse agroenvironmental conditions can guide the selection of cultural practices as well as the choice of cultivars for unfavourable growing conditions.

No abstract