Gramella echinicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel halophilic bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Abstract

A novel marine bacterium, strain KMM 6050T, was isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius, which inhabits the Sea of Japan. The strain studied was strictly aerobic, heterotrophic, yellow–orange-pigmented, motile by gliding, Gram-negative and oxidase-, catalase-, β-galactosidase- and alkaline phosphatase-positive. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KMM 6050T occupies a distinct lineage within the family Flavobacteriaceae and is most closely related to the species Mesonia algae and Salegentibacter salegens (sequence similarity of 92·5–92·6 %). The DNA G+C content of KMM 6050T was 39·6 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was MK-6. The predominant fatty acids were i15 : 0, a15 : 0, 15 : 0, i16 : 1, i16 : 0, i16 : 0 3-OH and i17 : 0 3-OH. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, the novel bacterium has been assigned to the genus Gramella gen. nov., as Gramella echinicola sp. nov. The type strain is KMM 6050T (=KCTC 12278T=NBRC 100593T=LMG 22585T).

Gramella marina sp. nov., isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

“…The DNA G+C content of strain KMM 6048 T was 40.0 mol%, a value similar to those reported for the two other recognized species of the genus Gramella (Lau et al, 2005;Nedashkovskaya et al, 2005).…”

“…The genus Gramella, a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae (phylum 'Bacteroidetes'), and the species Gramella echinicola were created to accommodate a gliding, strictly aerobic, yellow-orange-pigmented, Gram-stainnegative, and oxidase-and catalase-positive bacterial strain associated with the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius from the Gulf of Peter the Great (Nedashkovskaya et al, 2005). A further species in the genus, Gramella portivictoriae, isolated from a sediment sample from the South China Sea (Lau et al, 2005), was subsequently described.…”

Gramella sediminilitoris sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat

“…1). The clustering of strain GHTF-27 T and the type strains of species of the genus Gramella was also found in the trees reconstructed using the maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms (Figs S2 and S3 The predominant isoprenoid quinone detected in strain GHTF-27 T was menaquinone-6 (MK-6), which is line with those of all other members of the family Flavobacteriaceae (Bernardet, 2011) including species of the genus Gramella (Nedashkovskaya et al, 2005;Hameed et al, 2014;Park et al, 2015a, b). In Table 2, the fatty acid profile of strain GHTF-27 T is compared with those of the type strains of six most phylogenetically closely related species of the genus Gramella.…”

“…Gramella comprises 10 species with validly published names (http://www.bacterio.net/gramella.html; Parte, 2014), and its members have been isolated from marine environments (Nedashkovskaya et al, 2005(Nedashkovskaya et al, , 2010Lau et al, 2005;Cho et al, 2011;Jeong et al, 2013;Hameed et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2014;Shahina et al, 2014;Park et al, 2015a, b). The aim of the present work was to determine the exact taxonomic position of strain GHTF-27 T by using chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties, a detailed phylogenetic investigation based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, and DNA-DNA hybridization.…”

Adenosine monophosphate degradation and inosinic acid accumulation in the shrimp Penaeus japonicus

“…In this study, there is a possibility that the isolated bacteria from shrimp yielded phosphatases that removed the phosphate group from AMP. Alkaline phosphatase has been found in marine bacteria isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius (Nedashkovskaya et al 2005a), green alga Ulva fenestrata (Nedashkovskaya et al 2005b), and soft coral Paragorgia arborea (Nedashkovskaya et al 2005c). In addition, an alkaline phosphatase that was active at low temperatures was refined from a species of Shewanella Tsuruta et al 1998).…”