Grand Challenges in Chemical Treatment of Hazardous Pollutants

Srivastava, Varsha

doi:10.3389/fenvc.2021.792814

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…More emphasis should be given to catalytic synthesis techniques to minimize the toxic effects of customized catalysts [133]. When used in this way, biobased compounds can be used to prepare catalysts [134]-bioremediation-by adopting different metabolic processes that degrade or may transform harmful contaminants into non-harmful forms. Bioremediation has developed from a small-scale technology into a fully established commercialized technology in many industrialized nations, although its rate and extent have varied.…”

Section: Challenges and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Inorganic Pollutants from Wastewater: Innovative Technologies and Toxicity Assessment

Kumar,

Sharma,

Sondhi

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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In the past decade, a sudden increase in the number and kind of emerging water contaminants has been observed. The emerging contaminants can be categorized as organic or inorganic. Organic contaminants have been known for years, and techniques for their detection and remediation have been developed. However, inorganic pollutants are much more common. This is because they are detected in very low or negligible concentrations and are equally toxic as organic pollutants at higher concentrations. To boost the research on inorganic pollutant contamination, advancements in detection and quantification techniques are required. The presented paper discusses major inorganic pollutants such as metals and their salts, inorganic fertilizers, sulfides, acids and bases, and ammonia and oxides of nitrogen. In addition, it discusses the inorganic toxicants’ toxicity to organisms and the environment, upgraded quantification methods, and advancements in inorganic toxicant mitigation. Moreover, the major bottlenecks in the quantification and removal of inorganic pollutants are discussed at the end.

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Section: Challenges and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Inorganic Pollutants from Wastewater: Innovative Technologies and Toxicity Assessment

Kumar,

Sharma,

Sondhi

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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“…Some of them are adsorption, reduction, incineration, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), alkaline hydrolysis, etc. [ 1 , 25 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Section 2.1 is a discussion of the various physicochemical remediation approaches; some physicochemical remediation approaches are listed in Table 2 .…”

Section: Hmx Remediation Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Treatment Approaches for Octahydro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocine (HMX) Explosive in Soil, Groundwater, and Wastewater

Srivastava

Boczkaj

Lassi

2022

IJERPH

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Octahydro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocine (HMX) is extensively exploited in the manufacturing of explosives; therefore, a significant level of HMX contamination can be encountered near explosive production plants. For instance, up to 12 ppm HMX concentrations have been observed in the wastewater effluent of a munitions manufacturing facility, while up to 45,000 mg/kg of HMX has been found in a soil sample taken from a location close to a high-explosive production site. Owing to their immense demand for a variety of applications, the large-scale production of explosives has culminated in severe environmental issues. Soil and water contaminated with HMX can pose a detrimental impact on flora and fauna and hence, remediation of HMX is paramount. There is a rising demand to establish a sustainable technology for HMX abatement. Physiochemical and bioremediation approaches have been employed to treat HMX in the soil, groundwater, and wastewater. It has been revealed that treatment methods such as photo-peroxidation and photo-Fenton oxidation can eliminate approximately 98% of HMX from wastewater. Fenton’s reagents were found to be very effective at mineralizing HMX. In the photocatalytic degradation of HMX, approximately 59% TOC removal was achieved by using a TiO2 photocatalyst, and a dextrose co-substrate was used in a bioremediation approach to accomplish 98.5% HMX degradation under anaerobic conditions. However, each technology has some pros and cons which need to be taken into consideration when choosing an HMX remediation approach. In this review, various physiochemical and bioremediation approaches are considered and the mechanism of HMX degradation is discussed. Further, the advantages and disadvantages of the technologies are also discussed along with the challenges of HMX treatment technologies, thus giving an overview of the HMX remediation strategies.

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“…Considering this, chemists are seeking to develop synthetic methods to reduce or, even more desirable, avoid the generation of waste. [3] Thus, the development and integration of new technologies in organic synthesis, as well as the use of more efficient and environmentally friendly routes are desirable. The electro-chemical coupling via anodic oxidation of RÀ H stands out for generating only hydrogen gas as waste via cathodic reduction, in which compared to other methods that generate large amounts of by-products, the electrochemical oxidative method delivers the same product in environmentally friendly conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the growing concern about the environment and the impacts on nature during chemical processes, the industry is constantly highlighting the need for synthetic methods with less residue formation. Considering this, chemists are seeking to develop synthetic methods to reduce or, even more desirable, avoid the generation of waste [3] . Thus, the development and integration of new technologies in organic synthesis, as well as the use of more efficient and environmentally friendly routes are desirable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arenes and Heteroarenes C−H Functionalization Under Enabling Conditions: Electrochemistry, Photoelectrochemistry & Flow Technology

Murtaza

ulhaq

Shirinfar

et al. 2023

The Chemical Record

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C−H bond functionalization generates molecular complexity in single‐step transformation. However, the activation of C−H bonds requires expensive metals or stoichiometric amounts of oxidizing/reducing species. In many cases, they often require pre‐functionalization of starting molecules. Such pre‐activating measures cause waste generation and their separation from the final product is also troublesome. In such a scenario, reactions activating elements generating from renewable energy resources such as electricity and light would be more efficient, green, and cost‐effective. Further, incorporation of growing flow technology in chemical transformation processes will accelerate the safer accesses of valuable products. Arenes & heteroarenes are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals, natural products, medicinal compounds, and other biologically important molecules. Herein, we discussed enabling tools and technologies used for the recent C−H bonds functionalization of arenes and heteroarenes.

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Grand Challenges in Chemical Treatment of Hazardous Pollutants

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Removal of Inorganic Pollutants from Wastewater: Innovative Technologies and Toxicity Assessment

Removal of Inorganic Pollutants from Wastewater: Innovative Technologies and Toxicity Assessment

An Overview of Treatment Approaches for Octahydro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazocine (HMX) Explosive in Soil, Groundwater, and Wastewater

Arenes and Heteroarenes C−H Functionalization Under Enabling Conditions: Electrochemistry, Photoelectrochemistry & Flow Technology

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